Accepted taxon: Canis lupus
| Taxon: | Canis lupus |
|---|---|
| Rank: | Species |
| Higher Classification: | CARNIVORA | CANIFORMIA | Canidae | Canis |
| Reference: | Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005. |
Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Canis lupus diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 1, ASH (Ash contents) 7, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 4, CP (Crude Protein) 62, EE (Ether Extract) 19.
See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets.
Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15.
[DOI]
| TSN Complete name | Part | Ratio a. | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artiodactyla | WHOLE | 12.77 | Grzimek,B… |
| Mammalia | WHOLE | 12.60 | Damuth, J… |
| Capreolus capreolus | WHOLE | 9.43 | Torretta,… |
| Sus scrofa | WHOLE | 8.71 | Torretta,… |
| Castor | WHOLE | 8.45 | Grzimek,B… |
| Cervus | WHOLE | 6.13 | Damuth, J… |
| Dama dama | WHOLE | 6.02 | Torretta,… |
| Rangifer tarandus | WHOLE | 5.72 | Damuth, J… |
| Odocoileus hemionus | WHOLE | 4.17 | Grzimek,B… |
| Aves | WHOLE | 3.59 | Damuth, J… |
| Alces alces | WHOLE | 3.33 | Grzimek,B… |
| Cervus elaphus | WHOLE | 3.30 | Nowak,R. … |
| Bos taurus | WHOLE | 2.69 | Torretta,… |
| Capra hircus | WHOLE | 2.46 | Torretta,… |
| Magnoliopsida | FRUIT | 2.21 | Smith,A. … |
| Ovis aries | WHOLE | 1.90 | Torretta,… |
| Arthropoda | WHOLE | 1.10 | Torretta,… |
| Muridae | WHOLE | 0.83 | Grzimek,B… |
| Capreolus | WHOLE | 0.68 | Smith,A. … |
| Bovidae | WHOLE | 0.61 | Smith,A. … |
| Lagomorpha | WHOLE | 0.53 | Smith,A. … |
| Bison | WHOLE | 0.46 | Nowak,R. … |
| Marmota | WHOLE | 0.45 | Smith,A. … |
| Animalia | WHOLE | 0.38 | Smith,A. … |
| Ovibos moschatus | WHOLE | 0.35 | Nowak,R. … |
| Vertebrata | WHOLE | 0.28 | Reid,F., … |
| Ovis ammon | WHOLE | 0.23 | Nowak,R. … |
| Equus caballus | WHOLE | 0.22 | Torretta,… |
| Osteichthyes | WHOLE | 0.15 | Smith,A. … |
| Poaceae | STEM | 0.12 | Torretta,… |
| Rodentia | WHOLE | 0.08 | Smith,A. … |
| Homo sapiens | WHOLE | 0.00 | Grzimek,B… |
a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]
| Trait | Selected Value | All Value(s) | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Locomotion: Eisenberg 1981 | Terrestrial | Terrestrial | – John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554 |
| Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 | Carnivore | Carnivore | – John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554, Juhn, M., Balisi, M., Doughty, E., Friscia, A., Howenstine, A., Jacquemetton, C., Marcot, J., Nugen, S., Van Valkenburgh, B. 2024. Cenozoic climate change and the evolution of North American mammalian predator ecomorphology. Paleobiology. None(None), pp.1-10. Available at: 10.1017/pab.2024.27. |
| Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 | Animalivore | Animalivore | – John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554, Juhn, M., Balisi, M., Doughty, E., Friscia, A., Howenstine, A., Jacquemetton, C., Marcot, J., Nugen, S., Van Valkenburgh, B. 2024. Cenozoic climate change and the evolution of North American mammalian predator ecomorphology. Paleobiology. None(None), pp.1-10. Available at: 10.1017/pab.2024.27. |
| Temporal habits | arrhythmic | arrhythmic | – John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554 |
| Measurement | Location | Unit | n Total | n Unknown | n Female | n Male | Min | Mean | Max | SD | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | 10 | 10 | - | - | - | 46,920 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | - | - | - | - | - | 31,757 | - | - | Juhn, M.,… |
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | 62 | - | - | 62 | - | 34,800 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | 58 | - | 58 | - | - | 29,200 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | - | - | - | - | 9,600 | - | 80,000 | - | Freudenth… |
| Head-Body Length (HBL) | nan | mm | 62 | - | - | 62 | - | 1,190 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| Head-Body Length (HBL) | nan | mm | 58 | - | 58 | - | - | 970 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| Head-Body Length (HBL) | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 1,318.75 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| Occipital condyle width (OCW) | nan | mm | 10 | 10 | - | - | - | 50.23 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| Measurement | Location | Unit | n Total | n Unknown | n Female | n Male | Min | Mean | Max | SD | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPD (l) | n/a | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | 22 | - | - | Evans, Al… | |
| OPD (u) | n/a | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | 49 | - | - | Evans, Al… | |
| brainmass | nan | g | - | - | - | - | - | 130 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| skull_length | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 235 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| BMR (kJ/h) | nan | kJ/h | - | - | - | - | - | 162 | - | - | McNab, B.… |
| femur circumference | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 50 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| humerus circumference | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 51 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| neck length | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 177 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| BMR,mlO2/h | nan | mlO2/h | 9 | 9 | - | - | - | 8,305 | - | - | Genoud, M… |
| relative blade length (RBL) | nan | unitless | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | Juhn, M.S… |
b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..
Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Canis lupus , Accessed 17th January 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/2]