Accepted taxon: Ursus arctos
| Taxon: | Ursus arctos |
|---|---|
| Rank: | Species |
| Higher Classification: | CARNIVORA | CANIFORMIA | Ursidae | Ursus |
| Reference: | Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005. |
Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Ursus arctos diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 9, ASH (Ash contents) 7, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 25, CP (Crude Protein) 38, EE (Ether Extract) 10.
See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets.
Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15.
[DOI]
| TSN Complete name | Part | Ratio a. | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Magnoliopsida | SHOOT | 20.75 | Nowak,R. … |
| Alces alces | WHOLE | 12.98 | Grzimek,B… |
| Magnoliopsida | ROOT | 7.87 | Grzimek,B… |
| Rangifer tarandus tarandus | WHOLE | 4.30 | Smith,A. … |
| Poaceae | STEM | 4.22 | Grzimek,B… |
| Vertebrata | CARRION | 4.20 | Grzimek,B… |
| Insecta | WHOLE | 4.16 | Nowak,R. … |
| Magnoliopsida | FRUIT | 3.76 | Nowak,R. … |
| Cervus elaphus | WHOLE | 3.44 | Nowak,R. … |
| Rangifer tarandus | WHOLE | 3.28 | Grzimek,B… |
| Salmonidae | WHOLE | 3.23 | Nowak,R. … |
| Fungi | SHOOT | 3.07 | Nowak,R. … |
| Mammalia | WHOLE | 2.87 | Grzimek,B… |
| Lilianae | ROOT | 2.83 | Nowak,R. … |
| Ovis ammon | WHOLE | 2.58 | Nowak,R. … |
| Cervus | WHOLE | 2.15 | Smith,A. … |
| Formicidae | WHOLE | 1.88 | Grzimek,B… |
| Muridae | WHOLE | 1.84 | Nowak,R. … |
| Osteichthyes | WHOLE | 1.83 | Grzimek,B… |
| Capra hircus | WHOLE | 1.72 | Nowak,R. … |
| Cyperaceae | LEAF | 1.71 | Nowak,R. … |
| Spermophilus | WHOLE | 1.23 | Nowak,R. … |
| Zea mays | SEED | 0.95 | Smith,A. … |
| Ursus | WHOLE | 0.86 | Nowak,R. … |
| Magnoliopsida | SEED | 0.66 | Smith,A. … |
| Marmota | WHOLE | 0.61 | Nowak,R. … |
| Ursus americanus | WHOLE | 0.47 | Grzimek,B… |
| Rodentia | WHOLE | 0.38 | Smith,A. … |
| Bryophyta | SHOOT | 0.14 | Nowak,R. … |
a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]
| Trait | Selected Value | All Value(s) | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Locomotion: Eisenberg 1981 | Terrestrial | Terrestrial | – John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554 |
| Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 | Frugivore-Herbivore | Frugivore-Herbivore, Frugivore-omnivore | – John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554, Juhn, M., Balisi, M., Doughty, E., Friscia, A., Howenstine, A., Jacquemetton, C., Marcot, J., Nugen, S., Van Valkenburgh, B. 2024. Cenozoic climate change and the evolution of North American mammalian predator ecomorphology. Paleobiology. None(None), pp.1-10. Available at: 10.1017/pab.2024.27. |
| Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 | Frugivore | Frugivore | – John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554, Juhn, M., Balisi, M., Doughty, E., Friscia, A., Howenstine, A., Jacquemetton, C., Marcot, J., Nugen, S., Van Valkenburgh, B. 2024. Cenozoic climate change and the evolution of North American mammalian predator ecomorphology. Paleobiology. None(None), pp.1-10. Available at: 10.1017/pab.2024.27. |
| Temporal habits | arrhythmic | arrhythmic | – John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554 |
| Measurement | Location | Unit | n Total | n Unknown | n Female | n Male | Min | Mean | Max | SD | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | - | - | - | - | - | 196,287 | - | - | Juhn, M.,… |
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | 17 | - | - | 17 | - | 202,800 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | 139,071.31 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | 20 | - | - | 20 | - | 169,000 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | - | - | - | - | 80,000 | - | 780,000 | - | Freudenth… |
| Body Mass (BM) | nan | g | 28 | - | 28 | - | - | 109,900 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| Head-Body Length (HBL) | nan | mm | 17 | - | - | 17 | - | 1,937 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| Head-Body Length (HBL) | nan | mm | 20 | - | - | 20 | - | 1,894 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| Head-Body Length (HBL) | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 1,577 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| Head-Body Length (HBL) | nan | mm | 28 | - | 28 | - | - | 1,706 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| Occipital condyle width (OCW) | nan | mm | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | 62.57 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| Measurement | Location | Unit | n Total | n Unknown | n Female | n Male | Min | Mean | Max | SD | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPD (l) | n/a | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | 110 | - | - | Evans, Al… | |
| OPD (u) | n/a | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | 120 | - | - | Evans, Al… | |
| brainmass | nan | g | - | - | - | - | - | 336 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| skull_length | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 328 | - | - | Engelman,… |
| BMR (kJ/h) | nan | kJ/h | - | - | - | - | - | 396 | - | - | McNab, B.… |
| femur circumference | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 75 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| humerus circumference | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 86 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| neck length | nan | mm | - | - | - | - | - | 177 | - | - | Nelson, A… |
| relative blade length (RBL) | nan | unitless | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | Juhn, M.S… |
b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..
Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Ursus arctos , Accessed 16th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/14663]