MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Hyaena hyaena

Accepted taxon: Hyaena hyaena
Taxon:	Hyaena hyaena
Rank:	Species
Higher Classification:	CARNIVORA \| FELIFORMIA \| Hyaenidae \| Hyaena
Reference:	Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Hyaena hyaena diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 4, ASH (Ash contents) 6, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 27, CP (Crude Protein) 50, EE (Ether Extract) 12. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 1. List of Diet Items for Hyaena hyaena.
TSN Complete name	Part	Ratio ^a.	Reference(s)
Capra hircus	WHOLE	11.34	Grzimek,B…
Vertebrata	CARRION	10.11	Damuth, J…
Balanites	FRUIT	9.92	Grzimek,B…
Ovis aries	WHOLE	8.08	Grzimek,B…
Insecta	WHOLE	5.86	Damuth, J…
Mammalia	WHOLE	3.69	Damuth, J…
Bos taurus	WHOLE	3.66	Panda, D.…
Rusa unicolor	WHOLE	3.64	Panda, D.…
Lepus (Eulagos)	WHOLE	3.49	Panda, D.…
Reptilia	WHOLE	3.12	Damuth, J…
Vertebrata	WHOLE	2.98	Nowak,R. …
Boselaphus tragocamelus	WHOLE	2.95	Panda, D.…
Axis axis	WHOLE	2.86	Panda, D.…
Sus scrofa	WHOLE	2.43	Panda, D.…
Magnoliopsida	FRUIT	2.41	Damuth, J…
Aves	WHOLE	2.03	Damuth, J…
Plantae	LEAF	2.01	Panda, D.…
Equus asinus	WHOLE	1.98	Nowak,R. …
Bubalus bubalis	WHOLE	1.95	Panda, D.…
Semnopithecus	WHOLE	1.63	Panda, D.…
Canis familiaris	WHOLE	1.44	Panda, D.…
Rodentia	WHOLE	1.43	Panda, D.…
Aves	EGGS	1.32	Grzimek,B…
Macaca mulatta	WHOLE	1.20	Panda, D.…
Sciuridae	WHOLE	1.16	Panda, D.…
Muntiacus	WHOLE	1.09	Panda, D.…
Equus caballus	WHOLE	0.99	Nowak,R. …
Viverridae	WHOLE	0.88	Panda, D.…
Animalia	WHOLE	0.66	Grzimek,B…
Panthera pardus	WHOLE	0.64	Panda, D.…
Cucumis	FRUIT	0.55	Grzimek,B…
Gazella gazella	WHOLE	0.47	Panda, D.…
Canis aureus	WHOLE	0.43	Panda, D.…
Hystricidae	WHOLE	0.39	Panda, D.…
Camelus dromedarius	WHOLE	0.34	Panda, D.…
Hyaena hyaena	WHOLE	0.30	Panda, D.…
Phoenix dactylifera	FRUIT	0.28	Grzimek,B…
Vulpes bengalensis	WHOLE	0.21	Panda, D.…
Herpestidae	WHOLE	0.09	Panda, D.…

^a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Hyaena hyaena.
Trait	Selected Value	All Value(s)	Reference(s)
Locomotion: Eisenberg 1981	Terrestrial	Terrestrial	– John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009	Frugivore	Animalivore, Frugivore	– John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554, Juhn, M., Balisi, M., Doughty, E., Friscia, A., Howenstine, A., Jacquemetton, C., Marcot, J., Nugen, S., Van Valkenburgh, B. 2024. Cenozoic climate change and the evolution of North American mammalian predator ecomorphology. Paleobiology. None(None), pp.1-10. Available at: 10.1017/pab.2024.27.
Temporal habits	nocturnal	nocturnal	– John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981	Frugivore-omnivore	Carnivore, Frugivore-omnivore	– Juhn, M., Balisi, M., Doughty, E., Friscia, A., Howenstine, A., Jacquemetton, C., Marcot, J., Nugen, S., Van Valkenburgh, B. 2024. Cenozoic climate change and the evolution of North American mammalian predator ecomorphology. Paleobiology. None(None), pp.1-10. Available at: 10.1017/pab.2024.27.

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Hyaena hyaena.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	-	35,071	-	-	Juhn, M.,…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	9	-	-	9	-	34,900	-	-	Nelson, A…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	12	-	12	-	-	30,600	-	-	Nelson, A…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	19,000	-	55,000	-	Freudenth…
Head-Body Length (HBL)	nan	mm	9	-	-	9	-	1,120	-	-	Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL)	nan	mm	12	-	12	-	-	1,080	-	-	Nelson, A…

Table 4. List of other Measurements ^b. for Hyaena hyaena.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
BMR (kJ/h)	nan	kJ/h	-	-	-	-	-	115	-	-	McNab, B.…
femur circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	53	-	-	Nelson, A…
humerus circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	58	-	-	Nelson, A…
neck length	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	193	-	-	Nelson, A…
BMR,mlO2/h	nan	mlO2/h	1	1	-	-	-	5,728	-	-	Genoud, M…
relative blade length (RBL)	nan	unitless	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	Juhn, M.S…

^b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..

Table 5. List of Data Sources for Hyaena hyaena.
Taxon	Reference	Match	Status
Hyaena hyaena	Gittleman,J. L., 1985, Carnivore body size: ecological and taxonomic correlates, Oecologia	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	Damuth, J. 2010. ABSOLUT 6 a mammalian database compiled by the national center for ecological analysis and synthesis (NCEAS ) workshop on mammalian communities.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	Law, C.J., Blackwell, E.A., Curtis, A.A., Dickinson, E., Hartstone‐Rose, A. and Santana, S.E., 2022. Decoupled evolution of the cranium and mandible in carnivoran mammals. Evolution.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	Panda, D., Sharma, S., Mohanty, S., Kumar, A., Suryan, T., Shukla, M., Pandey, P., Lee, H. and Singh, R., 2023. Dietary preference of striped hyena in the anthropogenic landscape of Rajasthan, India. Acta Ecologica Sinica.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	DeMers, A.C., 2023. Functional Significance of the Mandible, Tooth Roots, and Tooth Crowns, and their Implications for Fossil Dietary Inference (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	McNab, B.K., 2008. An analysis of the factors that influence the level and scaling of mammalian BMR. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 151(1), pp.5-28.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	Genoud, M., Isler, K. and Martin, R.D., 2018. Comparative analyses of basal rate of metabolism in mammals: data selection does matter. Biological Reviews, 93(1), pp.404-438.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	Juhn, M.S., Balisi, M.A., Doughty, E.M., Friscia, A.R., Howenstine, A.O., Jacquemetton, C., Marcot, J., Nugen, S. and Van Valkenburgh, B., 2024. Cenozoic climate change and the evolution of North American mammalian predator ecomorphology. Paleobiology, pp.1-10.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hyaena hyaena	Rowan, J., Beaudrot, L., Franklin, J., Reed, K.E., Smail, I.E., Zamora, A. and Kamilar, J.M., 2020. Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(3), pp.1559-1565.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Hyaena hyaena , Accessed 15th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/14403]