Accepted taxon: Ursus arctos
Accepted taxon: Ursus arctos
| Taxon: |
Ursus arctos |
| Rank: |
Species |
| Higher Classification: |
CARNIVORA | CANIFORMIA | Ursidae | Ursus |
| Reference: |
Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005. |
Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Ursus arctos diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 9, ASH (Ash contents) 7, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 25, CP (Crude Protein) 38, EE (Ether Extract) 10.
See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets.
Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15.
[DOI]
Table 1. List of Diet Items for Ursus arctos.
| TSN Complete name |
Part |
Ratio a. |
Reference(s) |
| Magnoliopsida |
SHOOT |
20.75 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Alces alces |
WHOLE |
12.98 |
Grzimek,B… |
| Magnoliopsida |
ROOT |
7.87 |
Grzimek,B… |
| Rangifer tarandus tarandus |
WHOLE |
4.30 |
Smith,A. … |
| Poaceae |
STEM |
4.22 |
Grzimek,B… |
| Vertebrata |
CARRION |
4.20 |
Grzimek,B… |
| Insecta |
WHOLE |
4.16 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Magnoliopsida |
FRUIT |
3.76 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Cervus elaphus |
WHOLE |
3.44 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Rangifer tarandus |
WHOLE |
3.28 |
Grzimek,B… |
| Salmonidae |
WHOLE |
3.23 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Fungi |
SHOOT |
3.07 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Mammalia |
WHOLE |
2.87 |
Grzimek,B… |
| Lilianae |
ROOT |
2.83 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Ovis ammon |
WHOLE |
2.58 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Cervus |
WHOLE |
2.15 |
Smith,A. … |
| Formicidae |
WHOLE |
1.88 |
Grzimek,B… |
| Muridae |
WHOLE |
1.84 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Osteichthyes |
WHOLE |
1.83 |
Grzimek,B… |
| Capra hircus |
WHOLE |
1.72 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Cyperaceae |
LEAF |
1.71 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Spermophilus |
WHOLE |
1.23 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Zea mays |
SEED |
0.95 |
Smith,A. … |
| Ursus |
WHOLE |
0.86 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Magnoliopsida |
SEED |
0.66 |
Smith,A. … |
| Marmota |
WHOLE |
0.61 |
Nowak,R. … |
| Ursus americanus |
WHOLE |
0.47 |
Grzimek,B… |
| Rodentia |
WHOLE |
0.38 |
Smith,A. … |
| Bryophyta |
SHOOT |
0.14 |
Nowak,R. … |
a. Standardized values.
See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets.
Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15.
[DOI]
Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Ursus arctos.
| Measurement |
Location |
Unit |
n Total |
n Unknown |
n Female |
n Male |
Min |
Mean |
Max |
SD |
Reference(s) |
| Body Mass (BM) |
nan |
g |
17 |
- |
- |
17 |
- |
202,800 |
- |
- |
Nelson, A… |
| Body Mass (BM) |
nan |
g |
5 |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
139,071.31 |
- |
- |
Engelman,… |
| Body Mass (BM) |
nan |
g |
20 |
- |
- |
20 |
- |
169,000 |
- |
- |
Nelson, A… |
| Body Mass (BM) |
nan |
g |
- |
- |
- |
- |
80,000 |
- |
780,000 |
- |
Freudenth… |
| Body Mass (BM) |
nan |
g |
28 |
- |
28 |
- |
- |
109,900 |
- |
- |
Nelson, A… |
| Head-Body Length (HBL) |
nan |
mm |
17 |
- |
- |
17 |
- |
1,937 |
- |
- |
Nelson, A… |
| Head-Body Length (HBL) |
nan |
mm |
20 |
- |
- |
20 |
- |
1,894 |
- |
- |
Nelson, A… |
| Head-Body Length (HBL) |
nan |
mm |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1,577 |
- |
- |
Engelman,… |
| Head-Body Length (HBL) |
nan |
mm |
28 |
- |
28 |
- |
- |
1,706 |
- |
- |
Nelson, A… |
| Occipital condyle width (OCW) |
nan |
mm |
5 |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
62.57 |
- |
- |
Engelman,… |
Table 4. List of other Measurements b. for Ursus arctos.
| Measurement |
Location |
Unit |
n Total |
n Unknown |
n Female |
n Male |
Min |
Mean |
Max |
SD |
Reference(s) |
| OPD (l) |
|
n/a |
3 |
3 |
- |
- |
- |
110 |
- |
- |
Evans, Al… |
| OPD (u) |
|
n/a |
3 |
3 |
- |
- |
- |
120 |
- |
- |
Evans, Al… |
| brainmass |
nan |
g |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
336 |
- |
- |
Engelman,… |
| skull_length |
nan |
mm |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
328 |
- |
- |
Engelman,… |
| BMR (kJ/h) |
nan |
kJ/h |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
396 |
- |
- |
McNab, B.… |
| femur circumference |
nan |
mm |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
75 |
- |
- |
Nelson, A… |
| humerus circumference |
nan |
mm |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
86 |
- |
- |
Nelson, A… |
| neck length |
nan |
mm |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
177 |
- |
- |
Nelson, A… |
b. other Measurements.
Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..
Table 5. List of Data Sources for Ursus arctos.
| Taxon |
Reference |
Match |
Status |
| Ursus arctos |
Gittleman,J. L., 1985, Carnivore body size: ecological and taxonomic correlates, Oecologia |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
| Ursus arctos |
Evans, Alistair R., Gregory P. Wilson, Mikael Fortelius, and Jukka Jernvall. “High-Level Similarity of Dentitions in Carnivorans and Rodents.†Nature 445, no. 7123 (December 13, 2006): 78–81. doi:10.1038/nature05433. |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
| Ursus arctos |
Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
| Ursus arctos |
Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V, |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
| Ursus arctos |
Smith,A. T., 2010, A guide to the mammals of China, |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
| Ursus arctos |
Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
| Ursus arctos |
Law, C.J., Blackwell, E.A., Curtis, A.A., Dickinson, E., Hartstone‐Rose, A. and Santana, S.E., 2022. Decoupled evolution of the cranium and mandible in carnivoran mammals. Evolution. |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
| Ursus arctos |
Engelman, R.K., 2022. Occipital condyle width (OCW) is a highly accurate predictor of body mass in therian mammals. BMC biology, 20(1), p.37. |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
| Ursus arctos |
DeMers, A.C., 2023. Functional Significance of the Mandible, Tooth Roots, and Tooth Crowns, and their Implications for Fossil Dietary Inference (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University). |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
| Ursus arctos |
Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17. |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
| Ursus arctos |
McNab, B.K., 2008. An analysis of the factors that influence the level and scaling of mammalian BMR. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 151(1), pp.5-28. |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
| Ursus arctos |
Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809. |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
| Ursus arctos |
Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513. |
1: Exact Taxon match |
Verified - Accepted |
Citation for this page:
[The MammalBase community 2024. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864
Ursus arctos
, Accessed 20th May 2024 at https://mammalbase.net/me/14663]