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MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Pongo pygmaeus

Accepted taxon: Pongo pygmaeus


Accepted taxon: Pongo pygmaeus
Taxon: Pongo pygmaeus
Rank: Species
Higher Classification: PRIMATES | HAPLORRHINI | SIMIIFORMES | Hominoidea | Hominidae | Pongo
Reference: Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Pongo pygmaeus diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 8, ASH (Ash contents) 5, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 33, CP (Crude Protein) 13, EE (Ether Extract) 4. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 1. List of Diet Items for Pongo pygmaeus.
TSN Complete name Part Ratio a. Reference(s)
Magnoliopsida FRUIT 34.72 Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida SHOOT 25.00 Grzimek,B…
Vertebrata WHOLE 12.50 Grzimek,B…
Ficus FRUIT 11.11 Nowak,R. …
0 MINERAL 6.94 Nowak,R. …
Insecta WHOLE 5.56 Nowak,R. …
Aves EGGS 2.78 Nowak,R. …
Hylobates CARRION 1.39 Nowak,R. …

a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Pongo pygmaeus.
Trait Selected Value All Value(s) Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 Frugivore-Herbivore Frugivore-Herbivore Katharine…
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 Frugivore Frugivore Katharine…
Locomotion: Eisenberg 1981 Arboreal Arboreal Christoph…
Temporal habits diurnal diurnal Nowak, R.…

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Pongo pygmaeus.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - - 57,150 - - Lundgren,…
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - 30,000 - 100,000 - Freudenth…
Body Mass (BM) nan g 1 1 - - - 45,000 - - Engelman,…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm - - - - - 850 - - Engelman,…
Occipital condyle width (OCW) nan mm 1 1 - - - 46.69 - - Engelman,…

Table 4. List of other Measurements b. for Pongo pygmaeus.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
brainmass nan g - - - - - 342 - - Engelman,…
skull_length nan mm - - - - - 210 - - Engelman,…
femur circumference nan mm - - - - - 83 - - Nelson, A…
femur diameter nan mm - - - - - 30 - - Nelson, A…
humerus circumference nan mm - - - - - 99 - - Nelson, A…
humerus diameter nan mm - - - - - 32 - - Nelson, A…
Femur maximum length (FML) The distance from the most superior point on the femoral head to the most inferior aspect of the medial condyle. nan mm 15 - 15 - 243 260 300 18 Powell, V…
Femur maximum length (FML) The distance from the most superior point on the femoral head to the most inferior aspect of the medial condyle. nan mm 14 - - 14 234 277 303 19 Powell, V…
Femur maximum length (FML) The distance from the most superior point on the femoral head to the most inferior aspect of the medial condyle. nan mm 5 5 - - 230 260 303 32 Powell, V…
Humerus maximum length (HML) The distance from the most superior point of the humeral head to the most distal point of the medial projection of the trochlea. nan mm 15 - 15 - 311 335 390 22 Powell, V…
Humerus maximum length (HML) The distance from the most superior point of the humeral head to the most distal point of the medial projection of the trochlea. nan mm 14 - - 14 303 361 387 23 Powell, V…
Humerus maximum length (HML) The distance from the most superior point of the humeral head to the most distal point of the medial projection of the trochlea. nan mm 5 5 - - 305 336 386 32 Powell, V…
Radius maximum length (RML) The distance between the most superior point on the radial head to the most distal point of the styloid process. nan mm 15 - 15 - 311 338 401 21 Powell, V…
Radius maximum length (RML) The distance between the most superior point on the radial head to the most distal point of the styloid process. nan mm 14 - - 14 325 364 399 25 Powell, V…
Radius maximum length (RML) The distance between the most superior point on the radial head to the most distal point of the styloid process. nan mm 5 5 - - 297 339 382 36 Powell, V…
Tibia maximum length (TML) The distance from most superior point of the intercondylar eminence to the most distal aspect of the medial malleolus. nan mm 15 - 15 - 216 230 271 15 Powell, V…
Tibia maximum length (TML) The distance from most superior point of the intercondylar eminence to the most distal aspect of the medial malleolus. nan mm 14 - - 14 219 246 270 15 Powell, V…
Tibia maximum length (TML) The distance from most superior point of the intercondylar eminence to the most distal aspect of the medial malleolus. nan mm 5 5 - - 208 232 261 24 Powell, V…

b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..


Table 5. List of Data Sources for Pongo pygmaeus.
Taxon Reference Match Status
Pongo pygmaeus Soligo,C., 2006, Adaptive origins of primates revisited, Journal of human evolution 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Pongo pygmaeus Milton,K., 1976, Body weight, diet and home range area in primates, Nature 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Pongo pygmaeus Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Pongo pygmaeus Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Pongo pygmaeus Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Pongo pygmaeus Engelman, R.K., 2022. Occipital condyle width (OCW) is a highly accurate predictor of body mass in therian mammals. BMC biology, 20(1), p.37. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Pongo pygmaeus Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Pongo pygmaeus Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Pongo pygmaeus Powell, V.C., Barr, W.A., Hammond, A.S. and Wood, B.A., 2024. Behavioral and phylogenetic correlates of limb length proportions in extant apes and monkeys: Implications for interpreting hominin fossils. Journal of Human Evolution, 190, p.103494. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Pongo pygmaeus Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2024. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Pongo pygmaeus , Accessed 22nd November 2024 at https://mammalbase.net/me/6225]