MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Hylobates lar

Accepted taxon: Hylobates lar
Taxon:	Hylobates lar
Rank:	Species
Higher Classification:	PRIMATES \| HAPLORRHINI \| SIMIIFORMES \| Hominoidea \| Hylobatidae \| Hylobates
Reference:	Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Hylobates lar diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 14, ASH (Ash contents) 6, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 64, CP (Crude Protein) 11, EE (Ether Extract) 5. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 1. List of Diet Items for Hylobates lar.
TSN Complete name	Part	Ratio ^a.	Reference(s)
Magnoliopsida	FRUIT	30.00	Grzimek,B…
Ficus	FRUIT	30.00	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	LEAF	16.67	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	FLOWER	10.00	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	BUD	6.67	Smith,A. …
Insecta	WHOLE	3.33	Smith,A. …
Animalia	WHOLE	3.33	Grzimek,B…

^a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Hylobates lar.
Trait	Selected Value	All Value(s)	Reference(s)
Locomotion: Eisenberg 1981	Arboreal	Arboreal	– Christophe Soligo, Robert D. Martin, 2006, 'Adaptive origins of primates revisited', Journal of Human Evolution, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 414-430, Katharine Milton, Michael L. May, 1976, 'Body weight, diet and home range area in primates', Nature, vol. 259, no. 5543, pp. 459-462
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981	Frugivore-Granivore	Frugivore-Granivore	– Katharine Milton, Michael L. May, 1976, 'Body weight, diet and home range area in primates', Nature, vol. 259, no. 5543, pp. 459-462
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009	Frugivore	Frugivore	– Katharine Milton, Michael L. May, 1976, 'Body weight, diet and home range area in primates', Nature, vol. 259, no. 5543, pp. 459-462

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Hylobates lar.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	1,900	-	10,000	-	Freudenth…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	1	1	-	-	-	5,330	-	-	Engelman,…
Head-Body Length (HBL)	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	460	-	-	Engelman,…
Occipital condyle width (OCW)	nan	mm	1	1	-	-	-	26.55	-	-	Engelman,…

Table 4. List of other Measurements ^b. for Hylobates lar.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
brainmass	nan	g	-	-	-	-	-	94	-	-	Engelman,…
skull_length	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	102	-	-	Engelman,…
Femur maximum length (FML) The distance from the most superior point on the femoral head to the most inferior aspect of the medial condyle.	nan	mm	39	-	-	39	185	206	227	11	Powell, V…
Femur maximum length (FML) The distance from the most superior point on the femoral head to the most inferior aspect of the medial condyle.	nan	mm	34	-	34	-	188	205	226	9	Powell, V…
Femur maximum length (FML) The distance from the most superior point on the femoral head to the most inferior aspect of the medial condyle.	nan	mm	7	7	-	-	191	206	220	10	Powell, V…
Humerus maximum length (HML) The distance from the most superior point of the humeral head to the most distal point of the medial projection of the trochlea.	nan	mm	39	-	-	39	207	235	253	13	Powell, V…
Humerus maximum length (HML) The distance from the most superior point of the humeral head to the most distal point of the medial projection of the trochlea.	nan	mm	34	-	34	-	215	234	254	9	Powell, V…
Humerus maximum length (HML) The distance from the most superior point of the humeral head to the most distal point of the medial projection of the trochlea.	nan	mm	7	7	-	-	214	232	247	11	Powell, V…
Radius maximum length (RML) The distance between the most superior point on the radial head to the most distal point of the styloid process.	nan	mm	39	-	-	39	206	256	282	17	Powell, V…
Radius maximum length (RML) The distance between the most superior point on the radial head to the most distal point of the styloid process.	nan	mm	34	-	34	-	229	255	282	11	Powell, V…
Radius maximum length (RML) The distance between the most superior point on the radial head to the most distal point of the styloid process.	nan	mm	7	7	-	-	243	254	268	10	Powell, V…
Tibia maximum length (TML) The distance from most superior point of the intercondylar eminence to the most distal aspect of the medial malleolus.	nan	mm	39	-	-	39	156	176	195	10	Powell, V…
Tibia maximum length (TML) The distance from most superior point of the intercondylar eminence to the most distal aspect of the medial malleolus.	nan	mm	34	-	34	-	159	174	191	7	Powell, V…
Tibia maximum length (TML) The distance from most superior point of the intercondylar eminence to the most distal aspect of the medial malleolus.	nan	mm	7	7	-	-	164	174	183	7	Powell, V…

^b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..

Table 5. List of Data Sources for Hylobates lar.
Taxon	Reference	Match	Status
Hylobates lar	Soligo,C., 2006, Adaptive origins of primates revisited, Journal of human evolution	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hylobates lar	Milton,K., 1976, Body weight, diet and home range area in primates, Nature	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hylobates lar	Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hylobates lar	Smith,A. T., 2010, A guide to the mammals of China,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hylobates lar	Engelman, R.K., 2022. Occipital condyle width (OCW) is a highly accurate predictor of body mass in therian mammals. BMC biology, 20(1), p.37.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hylobates lar	DeMers, A.C., 2023. Functional Significance of the Mandible, Tooth Roots, and Tooth Crowns, and their Implications for Fossil Dietary Inference (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hylobates lar	Powell, V.C., Barr, W.A., Hammond, A.S. and Wood, B.A., 2024. Behavioral and phylogenetic correlates of limb length proportions in extant apes and monkeys: Implications for interpreting hominin fossils. Journal of Human Evolution, 190, p.103494.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hylobates lar	Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Hylobates lar	Rowan, J., Beaudrot, L., Franklin, J., Reed, K.E., Smail, I.E., Zamora, A. and Kamilar, J.M., 2020. Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(3), pp.1559-1565.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Hylobates lar , Accessed 16th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/6189]