MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Papio cynocephalus

Accepted taxon: Papio cynocephalus
Taxon:	Papio cynocephalus
Rank:	Species
Higher Classification:	PRIMATES \| HAPLORRHINI \| SIMIIFORMES \| Cercopithecoidea \| Cercopithecidae \| Cercopithecinae \| Papio
Reference:	Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Papio cynocephalus diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 12, ASH (Ash contents) 8, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 41, CP (Crude Protein) 30, EE (Ether Extract) 7. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 1. List of Diet Items for Papio cynocephalus.
TSN Complete name	Part	Ratio ^a.	Reference(s)
Lepus capensis	WHOLE	22.22	Nowak,R. …
Magnoliopsida	SEED	11.90	Damuth, J…
Mammalia	WHOLE	11.11	Nowak,R. …
Magnoliopsida	FRUIT	7.14	Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida	BARK	5.95	Damuth, J…
Coniferophyta	EXUDATES	4.76	Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida	ROOT	2.38	Damuth, J…
Salvadoraceae	FRUIT	2.21	Bentley-C…
Brachiaria	SHOOT	2.07	Bentley-C…
Phoenix reclinata	FRUIT	1.36	Bentley-C…
Cyperus digitatus	SHOOT	1.33	Bentley-C…
Hyphaene	SHOOT	1.30	Bentley-C…
Cenchrus ciliaris	SHOOT	1.28	Bentley-C…
Plantae	SHOOT	1.25	Bentley-C…
Arthropoda	WHOLE	1.19	Damuth, J…
Cyperus rotundus	SHOOT	1.16	Bentley-C…
Nymphaea X thiona	FLOWER	1.13	Bentley-C…
Cynodon dactylon	SHOOT	1.11	Bentley-C…
Grewia	FRUIT	1.08	Bentley-C…
Sporobolus	SHOOT	1.05	Bentley-C…
Digitaria milanjiana	SHOOT	1.02	Bentley-C…
Acacia robusta	FLOWER	0.96	Bentley-C…
Garcinia livingstonei	FRUIT	0.94	Bentley-C…
Magnoliopsida	BUD	0.91	Bentley-C…
Alangiaceae	FRUIT	0.85	Bentley-C…
Cordia sinensis	FRUIT	0.82	Bentley-C…
Sapindaceae	FRUIT	0.79	Bentley-C…
Talinum portulacifolium	SHOOT	0.77	Bentley-C…
Anacardiaceae	FRUIT	0.74	Bentley-C…
Diospyros mespiliformis	FRUIT	0.71	Bentley-C…
Mimusops	FRUIT	0.68	Bentley-C…
Eucalyptus	EXUDATES	0.65	Bentley-C…
Securinega	FRUIT	0.62	Bentley-C…
Spermatophytina	SEED	0.60	Bentley-C…
Ficus natalensis	FRUIT	0.57	Bentley-C…
Violaceae	FRUIT	0.54	Bentley-C…
Hibiscus lunariifolius	FLOWER	0.51	Bentley-C…
Tragia	FRUIT	0.48	Bentley-C…
Indigofera colutea	SEED	0.45	Bentley-C…
Manilkara	FRUIT	0.43	Bentley-C…
Saba	FRUIT	0.40	Bentley-C…
Oncoba spinosa	FRUIT	0.37	Bentley-C…
Ficus sycomorus	FRUIT	0.34	Bentley-C…
Simaroubaceae	FRUIT	0.31	Bentley-C…
Phyllanthus	FRUIT	0.28	Bentley-C…
Rubiaceae	FRUIT	0.26	Bentley-C…
Plantae	LEAF	0.23	Bentley-C…
Tephrosia	SEED	0.20	Bentley-C…
Sapotaceae	FRUIT	0.17	Bentley-C…
Jasminum fluminense	FRUIT	0.14	Bentley-C…
Albizia gummifera	FRUIT	0.11	Bentley-C…
Terminalia	FRUIT	0.09	Bentley-C…
Plantae	FRUIT	0.06	Bentley-C…
Tamarindus indica	FRUIT	0.03	Bentley-C…

^a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Papio cynocephalus.
Trait	Selected Value	All Value(s)	Reference(s)
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009	Frugivore	Frugivore	Katharine…
Locomotion: Eisenberg 1981	Terrestrial	Terrestrial	Katharine…

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Papio cynocephalus.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	-	19,484	-	-	Lundgren,…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	5,443	-	50,000	-	Freudenth…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	3	3	-	-	-	19,700	-	-	Engelman,…
Head-Body Length (HBL)	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	753	-	-	Engelman,…
Occipital condyle width (OCW)	nan	mm	3	3	-	-	-	35.5	-	-	Engelman,…

Table 4. List of other Measurements ^b. for Papio cynocephalus.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
brainmass	nan	g	-	-	-	-	-	156	-	-	Engelman,…
skull_length	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	182	-	-	Engelman,…
femur circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	57	-	-	Nelson, A…
humerus circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	55	-	-	Nelson, A…
Femur maximum length (FML) The distance from the most superior point on the femoral head to the most inferior aspect of the medial condyle.	nan	mm	19	-	-	19	250	268	286	10	Powell, V…
Femur maximum length (FML) The distance from the most superior point on the femoral head to the most inferior aspect of the medial condyle.	nan	mm	18	-	18	-	208	220	239	8	Powell, V…
Humerus maximum length (HML) The distance from the most superior point of the humeral head to the most distal point of the medial projection of the trochlea.	nan	mm	19	-	-	19	216	228	244	9	Powell, V…
Humerus maximum length (HML) The distance from the most superior point of the humeral head to the most distal point of the medial projection of the trochlea.	nan	mm	18	-	18	-	178	188	208	7	Powell, V…
Radius maximum length (RML) The distance between the most superior point on the radial head to the most distal point of the styloid process.	nan	mm	19	-	-	19	228	243	259	10	Powell, V…
Radius maximum length (RML) The distance between the most superior point on the radial head to the most distal point of the styloid process.	nan	mm	18	-	18	-	188	200	218	7	Powell, V…
Tibia maximum length (TML) The distance from most superior point of the intercondylar eminence to the most distal aspect of the medial malleolus.	nan	mm	19	-	-	19	218	233	250	10	Powell, V…
Tibia maximum length (TML) The distance from most superior point of the intercondylar eminence to the most distal aspect of the medial malleolus.	nan	mm	18	-	18	-	185	193	211	6	Powell, V…

^b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..

Table 5. List of Data Sources for Papio cynocephalus.
Taxon	Reference	Match	Status
Papio cynocephalus	Milton,K., 1976, Body weight, diet and home range area in primates, Nature	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Papio hamadryas (cynocephalus)	Damuth, J. 2010. ABSOLUT 6 a mammalian database compiled by the national center for ecological analysis and synthesis (NCEAS ) workshop on mammalian communities.	50: Synonym	Verified - Accepted
Papio cynocephalus	Bentley-Condit,V. K., 2009, Food choices and habitat use by the Tana River yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus): a preliminary report on five years of data, American Journal of Primatology	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Papio cynocephalus	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Papio cynocephalus	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Papio cynocephalus	Engelman, R.K., 2022. Occipital condyle width (OCW) is a highly accurate predictor of body mass in therian mammals. BMC biology, 20(1), p.37.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Papio cynocephalus	Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Papio cynocephalus	Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Papio cynocephalus	Powell, V.C., Barr, W.A., Hammond, A.S. and Wood, B.A., 2024. Behavioral and phylogenetic correlates of limb length proportions in extant apes and monkeys: Implications for interpreting hominin fossils. Journal of Human Evolution, 190, p.103494.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Papio cynocephalus	Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2025. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Papio cynocephalus , Accessed 3rd November 2025 at https://mammalbase.net/me/6028]