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MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Tragelaphus imberbis

Accepted taxon: Tragelaphus imberbis


Accepted taxon: Tragelaphus imberbis
Taxon: Tragelaphus imberbis
Rank: Species
Higher Classification: ARTIODACTYLA | Bovidae | Bovinae | Tragelaphus
Reference: Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Tragelaphus imberbis diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 20, ASH (Ash contents) 11, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 53, CP (Crude Protein) 12, EE (Ether Extract) 4. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 1. List of Diet Items for Tragelaphus imberbis.
TSN Complete name Part Ratio a. Reference(s)
Magnoliopsida LEAF 35.00 Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida SHOOT 20.00 Nowak,R. …
Cactaceae SHOOT 20.00 Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida STEM 15.00 Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida FRUIT 10.00 Damuth, J…

a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Tragelaphus imberbis.
Trait Selected Value All Value(s) Reference(s)
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 Herbivore Herbivore Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research, M. Clauss, R. R. Hofmann, W. J. Streich, J. Fickel, J. Hummel, 2009, 'Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function', Journal of Zoology, vol. 281, no. 1, pp. 26-38, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 Herbivore-Browser Herbivore-Browser, Herbivore-Mixed feeder Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research, M. Clauss, R. R. Hofmann, W. J. Streich, J. Fickel, J. Hummel, 2009, 'Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function', Journal of Zoology, vol. 281, no. 1, pp. 26-38, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Tragelaphus imberbis.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - - 90,890 - - Wimberly,…
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - 56,000 - 142,000 - Freudenth…

Table 4. List of other Measurements b. for Tragelaphus imberbis.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Length of the Masseteric Fossa cm 6 6 - - - 13 - - Quibod, M…
Muzzle Width cm 6 6 - - - 4 - - Quibod, M…
Total Length of the Skull cm 6 6 - - - 32 - - Quibod, M…
A1-MLL (maximum lateral length of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 44 45 47 1 Wimberly,…
A2-MML (maximum medial length of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 41 42 43 1 Wimberly,…
A3-MIN (minimal length of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 35 36 37 1 Wimberly,…
A4-WAT (width at tarsus of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 24 26 28 1 Wimberly,…
A5-WAF (width at trochlea of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 23 25 27 2 Wimberly,…
C1-UL (greatest length of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 90 94 98 3 Wimberly,…
C2-TL (length of body of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 59 62 65 2 Wimberly,…
C3-MBH (midbody height of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 23 25 27 2 Wimberly,…
C4-MBTV (midbody transverse width of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 11 13 14 1 Wimberly,…
C5-FFL (fibular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 18 20 22 1 Wimberly,…
C6-CNFL (cubonavicular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 24 26 29 2 Wimberly,…
C7-HSF (height of sustentacular facet of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 17 18 19 1 Wimberly,…
C8-HST (height of sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 27 29 31 2 Wimberly,…
F1-UL (full length of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 263 273 293 13 Wimberly,…
F2-FL (functional length of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 254 263 280 11 Wimberly,…
F3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 71 74 82 5 Wimberly,…
F4-PW (proximal width of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 58 63 67 3 Wimberly,…
F5-MLHW (mediolateral femoral head of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 35 37 40 2 Wimberly,…
F6-APHW (anteroposterior femoral head of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 27 28 30 1 Wimberly,…
F7-DW (distal width of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 53 55 59 3 Wimberly,…
F8-MPL (medial condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 70 72 76 3 Wimberly,…
F9-LPL (lateral condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 63 64 67 2 Wimberly,…
H1-UL (full length of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 195 207 225 16 Wimberly,…
H2-FL (functional length of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 178 189 205 15 Wimberly,…
H3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 69 75 85 9 Wimberly,…
H4-MTH (largest medial height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 28 29 31 1 Wimberly,…
H5-MidTH (smallest height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 20 21 22 1 Wimberly,…
H6-LTH (largest lateral height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 24 25 27 1 Wimberly,…
H7-PW (proximal width of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 51 54 59 4 Wimberly,…
H8-MLH (mediolateral humeral head width of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 36 41 47 6 Wimberly,…
H9-DW (distal width of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 39 42 45 3 Wimberly,…
MC1-UL (length of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 246 250 259 6 Wimberly,…
MC2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 17 18 21 2 Wimberly,…
MC3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 17 18 20 1 Wimberly,…
MC4-DW (distal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 28 30 33 2 Wimberly,…
MC5-PW (proximal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 29 31 34 2 Wimberly,…
MT1-UL (length of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 252 263 280 12 Wimberly,…
MT2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 20 22 25 2 Wimberly,…
MT3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 16 18 20 2 Wimberly,…
MT4-DW (distal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 29 31 34 2 Wimberly,…
MT5-PW (proximal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 28 30 34 2 Wimberly,…
R1-UL (length of the radius) nan mm 5 5 - - 232 239 256 11 Wimberly,…
R2-PW (full proximal width of the radius) nan mm 5 5 - - 39 41 44 2 Wimberly,…
R3-NPW (width of humeral articular surface of the radius) nan mm 5 5 - - 37 39 42 2 Wimberly,…
R4-DW (distal width of the radius) nan mm 5 5 - - 35 36 40 2 Wimberly,…
S1-L (full length of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 192 212 229 19 Wimberly,…
S2-GW (greatest cranio-caudal length of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 113 130 143 15 Wimberly,…
S3-SW (shortest length of scapular neck of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 21 25 28 3 Wimberly,…
S4-GH (anteroposterior glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 34 37 38 2 Wimberly,…
S5-GW (mediolateral glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 30 34 36 4 Wimberly,…
T1-L (full length of the tibia) nan mm 5 5 - - 292 305 329 17 Wimberly,…
T2-MCF (midshaft circumference of the tibia) nan mm 5 5 - - 71 77 86 6 Wimberly,…
T3-PW (proximal width of the tibia) nan mm 5 5 - - 55 59 63 3 Wimberly,…
T4-DW (distal width of the tibia) nan mm 5 5 - - 36 37 39 2 Wimberly,…
U1-UL (length of the ulna) nan mm 5 5 - - 275 286 307 14 Wimberly,…
U2-OPL (olecranon process length of the ulna) nan mm 5 5 - - 46 51 59 5 Wimberly,…
average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional) nan unitless - - - - - 0 - - Abraham, …
femur circumference nan mm - - - - - 81 - - Nelson, A…
femur diameter nan mm - - - - - 22 - - Nelson, A…
humerus circumference nan mm - - - - - 73 - - Nelson, A…
humerus diameter nan mm - - - - - 21 - - Nelson, A…

b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..


Table 5. List of Data Sources for Tragelaphus imberbis.
Taxon Reference Match Status
Tragelaphus imberbis Clauss,M., 2010, Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function, Journal of zoology 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Clauss,M., 2002, Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end, Oecologia 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Mendoza,M., 2008, Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?, Journal of zoology 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Damuth, J. 2010. ABSOLUT 6 a mammalian database compiled by the national center for ecological analysis and synthesis (NCEAS ) workshop on mammalian communities. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Quibod, M.N.R.M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F. and Tomlinson, K.W., 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, p.zlad068. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Wimberly, A.N., 2023. Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements. Journal of Morphology, 284(10), p.e21636. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragelaphus imberbis Rowan, J., Beaudrot, L., Franklin, J., Reed, K.E., Smail, I.E., Zamora, A. and Kamilar, J.M., 2020. Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(3), pp.1559-1565. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Tragelaphus imberbis , Accessed 17th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/16022]