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MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Bubalus depressicornis

Accepted taxon: Bubalus depressicornis


Accepted taxon: Bubalus depressicornis
Taxon: Bubalus depressicornis
Rank: Species
Higher Classification: ARTIODACTYLA | Bovidae | Bovinae | Bubalus
Reference: Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Bubalus depressicornis diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 21, ASH (Ash contents) 7, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 61, CP (Crude Protein) 9, EE (Ether Extract) 3. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 1. List of Diet Items for Bubalus depressicornis.
TSN Complete name Part Ratio a. Reference(s)
Poaceae STEM 28.57 Grzimek,B…
Pteridophyta LEAF 23.81 Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida STEM 19.05 Grzimek,B…
Arecaceae FRUIT 14.29 Grzimek,B…
Zingiber officinale ROOT 9.52 Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida FRUIT 4.76 Grzimek,B…

a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Bubalus depressicornis.
Trait Selected Value All Value(s) Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 Herbivore-Mixed feeder Herbivore-Browser, Herbivore-Mixed feeder Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., M. Clauss, R. R. Hofmann, W. J. Streich, J. Fickel, J. Hummel, 2009, 'Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function', Journal of Zoology, vol. 281, no. 1, pp. 26-38, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 Herbivore Herbivore Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., M. Clauss, R. R. Hofmann, W. J. Streich, J. Fickel, J. Hummel, 2009, 'Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function', Journal of Zoology, vol. 281, no. 1, pp. 26-38, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Bubalus depressicornis.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - 90,000 - 300,000 - Freudenth…
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - - 178,320 - - Wimberly,…
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - - 88,000 - - Lundgren,…

Table 4. List of other Measurements b. for Bubalus depressicornis.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Length of the Masseteric Fossa cm 7 7 - - - 14 - - Quibod, M…
Muzzle Width cm 7 7 - - - 5 - - Quibod, M…
Total Length of the Skull cm 7 7 - - - 37 - - Quibod, M…
A1-MLL (maximum lateral length of the astragalus) nan mm 2 2 - - 41 42 42 1 Wimberly,…
A2-MML (maximum medial length of the astragalus) nan mm 2 2 - - 38 38 39 0 Wimberly,…
A3-MIN (minimal length of the astragalus) nan mm 2 2 - - 32 33 33 1 Wimberly,…
A4-WAT (width at tarsus of the astragalus) nan mm 2 2 - - 25 26 27 1 Wimberly,…
A5-WAF (width at trochlea of the astragalus) nan mm 2 2 - - 25 25 25 0 Wimberly,…
C1-UL (greatest length of the calcaneus) nan mm 2 2 - - 80 81 82 1 Wimberly,…
C2-TL (length of body of the calcaneus) nan mm 2 2 - - 50 52 54 3 Wimberly,…
C3-MBH (midbody height of the calcaneus) nan mm 2 2 - - 20 21 21 0 Wimberly,…
C4-MBTV (midbody transverse width of the calcaneus) nan mm 2 2 - - 12 12 12 0 Wimberly,…
C5-FFL (fibular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 2 2 - - 16 18 19 2 Wimberly,…
C6-CNFL (cubonavicular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 2 2 - - 22 22 22 0 Wimberly,…
C7-HSF (height of sustentacular facet of the calcaneus) nan mm 2 2 - - 17 18 19 1 Wimberly,…
C8-HST (height of sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus) nan mm 2 2 - - 26 27 28 1 Wimberly,…
F1-UL (full length of the femur) nan mm 2 2 - - 229 230 232 2 Wimberly,…
F2-FL (functional length of the femur) nan mm 2 2 - - 224 225 227 2 Wimberly,…
F3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the femur) nan mm 2 2 - - 72 73 73 1 Wimberly,…
F4-PW (proximal width of the femur) nan mm 2 2 - - 68 70 72 3 Wimberly,…
F5-MLHW (mediolateral femoral head of the femur) nan mm 2 2 - - 39 40 40 1 Wimberly,…
F6-APHW (anteroposterior femoral head of the femur) nan mm 2 2 - - 30 31 32 1 Wimberly,…
F7-DW (distal width of the femur) nan mm 2 2 - - 53 54 55 1 Wimberly,…
F8-MPL (medial condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 2 2 - - 70 70 70 0 Wimberly,…
F9-LPL (lateral condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 2 2 - - 54 56 58 3 Wimberly,…
H1-UL (full length of the humerus) nan mm 2 2 - - 207 207 207 0 Wimberly,…
H2-FL (functional length of the humerus) nan mm 2 2 - - 180 181 182 1 Wimberly,…
H3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the humerus) nan mm 2 2 - - 80 85 90 7 Wimberly,…
H4-MTH (largest medial height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 2 2 - - 27 27 27 0 Wimberly,…
H5-MidTH (smallest height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 2 2 - - 21 22 22 1 Wimberly,…
H6-LTH (largest lateral height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 2 2 - - 22 23 24 1 Wimberly,…
H7-PW (proximal width of the humerus) nan mm 2 2 - - 61 62 62 0 Wimberly,…
H8-MLH (mediolateral humeral head width of the humerus) nan mm 2 2 - - 45 45 45 0 Wimberly,…
H9-DW (distal width of the humerus) nan mm 2 2 - - 47 49 51 3 Wimberly,…
MC1-UL (length of the metacarpus) nan mm 2 2 - - 104 108 113 6 Wimberly,…
MC2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 2 2 - - 15 15 15 0 Wimberly,…
MC3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 2 2 - - 23 24 24 1 Wimberly,…
MC4-DW (distal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 2 2 - - 35 35 35 0 Wimberly,…
MC5-PW (proximal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 2 2 - - 32 34 35 3 Wimberly,…
MT1-UL (length of the metatarsus) nan mm 2 2 - - 118 122 126 6 Wimberly,…
MT2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 2 2 - - 17 17 17 0 Wimberly,…
MT3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 2 2 - - 19 20 20 0 Wimberly,…
MT4-DW (distal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 2 2 - - 32 32 33 1 Wimberly,…
MT5-PW (proximal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 2 2 - - 30 31 31 1 Wimberly,…
R1-UL (length of the radius) nan mm 2 2 - - 171 172 173 1 Wimberly,…
R2-PW (full proximal width of the radius) nan mm 2 2 - - 46 46 46 0 Wimberly,…
R3-NPW (width of humeral articular surface of the radius) nan mm 2 2 - - 41 42 42 0 Wimberly,…
R4-DW (distal width of the radius) nan mm 2 2 - - 39 39 39 0 Wimberly,…
S1-L (full length of the scapula) nan mm 2 2 - - 207 207 208 1 Wimberly,…
S2-GW (greatest cranio-caudal length of the scapula) nan mm 2 2 - - 123 127 130 5 Wimberly,…
S3-SW (shortest length of scapular neck of the scapula) nan mm 2 2 - - 34 34 34 0 Wimberly,…
S4-GH (anteroposterior glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 2 2 - - 36 37 39 2 Wimberly,…
S5-GW (mediolateral glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 2 2 - - 31 31 32 1 Wimberly,…
T1-L (full length of the tibia) nan mm 2 2 - - 217 220 222 4 Wimberly,…
T2-MCF (midshaft circumference of the tibia) nan mm 2 2 - - 69 70 71 1 Wimberly,…
T3-PW (proximal width of the tibia) nan mm 2 2 - - 55 56 56 0 Wimberly,…
T4-DW (distal width of the tibia) nan mm 2 2 - - 38 38 39 1 Wimberly,…
U1-UL (length of the ulna) nan mm 2 2 - - 231 234 237 4 Wimberly,…
U2-OPL (olecranon process length of the ulna) nan mm 2 2 - - 63 63 64 1 Wimberly,…
average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional) nan unitless - - - - - 0 - - Abraham, …

b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..


Table 5. List of Data Sources for Bubalus depressicornis.
Taxon Reference Match Status
Bubalus depressicornis Clauss,M., 2002, Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end, Oecologia 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Bubalus depressicornis Clauss,M., 2010, Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function, Journal of zoology 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Bubalus depressicornis Mendoza,M., 2008, Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?, Journal of zoology 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Bubalus depressicornis Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Bubalus depressicornis Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Bubalus depressicornis Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Bubalus depressicornis Quibod, M.N.R.M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F. and Tomlinson, K.W., 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, p.zlad068. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Bubalus depressicornis Wimberly, A.N., 2023. Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements. Journal of Morphology, 284(10), p.e21636. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Bubalus depressicornis Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Bubalus depressicornis Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Bubalus depressicornis Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Bubalus depressicornis , Accessed 1st May 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/15998]