MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Giraffa camelopardalis

Accepted taxon: Giraffa camelopardalis
Taxon:	Giraffa camelopardalis
Rank:	Species
Higher Classification:	ARTIODACTYLA \| Giraffidae \| Giraffa
Reference:	Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Giraffa camelopardalis diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 24, ASH (Ash contents) 6, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 55, CP (Crude Protein) 12, EE (Ether Extract) 3. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 1. List of Diet Items for Giraffa camelopardalis.
TSN Complete name	Part	Ratio ^a.	Reference(s)
Acacia	LEAF	33.33	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	STEM	22.22	Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida	LEAF	16.67	Damuth, J…
Mimosa	LEAF	11.11	Nowak,R. …
Combretum	LEAF	11.11	Grzimek,B…
Prunus armeniaca	LEAF	5.56	Nowak,R. …

^a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Giraffa camelopardalis.
Trait	Selected Value	All Value(s)	Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981	Herbivore-Browser	Herbivore-Browser	A. Myster…
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009	Herbivore	Herbivore	A. Myster…

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Giraffa camelopardalis.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	1	1	-	-	-	911,720.7	-	-	Engelman,…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	-	845,380	-	-	Wimberly,…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	466,000	-	1,930,000	-	Freudenth…
Head-Body Length (HBL)	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	3,355	-	-	Engelman,…
Occipital condyle width (OCW)	nan	mm	1	1	-	-	-	110.36	-	-	Engelman,…

Table 4. List of other Measurements ^b. for Giraffa camelopardalis.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
brainmass	nan	g	-	-	-	-	-	629	-	-	Engelman,…
skull_length	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	619	-	-	Engelman,…
A1-MLL (maximum lateral length of the astragalus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	94	101	110	6	Wimberly,…
A2-MML (maximum medial length of the astragalus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	83	87	95	5	Wimberly,…
A3-MIN (minimal length of the astragalus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	69	73	80	5	Wimberly,…
A4-WAT (width at tarsus of the astragalus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	64	69	81	7	Wimberly,…
A5-WAF (width at trochlea of the astragalus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	63	69	76	4	Wimberly,…
C1-UL (greatest length of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	174	187	220	20	Wimberly,…
C2-TL (length of body of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	104	116	142	16	Wimberly,…
C3-MBH (midbody height of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	51	56	67	6	Wimberly,…
C4-MBTV (midbody transverse width of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	29	32	36	3	Wimberly,…
C5-FFL (fibular facet length of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	43	48	53	4	Wimberly,…
C6-CNFL (cubonavicular facet length of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	50	57	65	6	Wimberly,…
C7-HSF (height of sustentacular facet of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	37	43	47	4	Wimberly,…
C8-HST (height of sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	62	69	77	7	Wimberly,…
F1-UL (full length of the femur)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	438	496	591	58	Wimberly,…
F2-FL (functional length of the femur)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	438	495	587	57	Wimberly,…
F3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the femur)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	169	186	219	20	Wimberly,…
F4-PW (proximal width of the femur)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	150	164	196	19	Wimberly,…
F5-MLHW (mediolateral femoral head of the femur)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	75	82	99	10	Wimberly,…
F6-APHW (anteroposterior femoral head of the femur)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	62	67	76	5	Wimberly,…
F7-DW (distal width of the femur)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	126	138	167	17	Wimberly,…
F8-MPL (medial condyle and patellar lip of the femur)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	182	192	217	15	Wimberly,…
F9-LPL (lateral condyle and patellar lip of the femur)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	131	137	149	8	Wimberly,…
H1-UL (full length of the humerus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	433	468	563	54	Wimberly,…
H2-FL (functional length of the humerus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	403	442	534	53	Wimberly,…
H3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the humerus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	188	214	250	22	Wimberly,…
H4-MTH (largest medial height of trochlea of the humerus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	59	66	78	7	Wimberly,…
H5-MidTH (smallest height of trochlea of the humerus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	41	47	53	4	Wimberly,…
H6-LTH (largest lateral height of trochlea of the humerus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	55	59	67	5	Wimberly,…
H7-PW (proximal width of the humerus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	131	142	170	16	Wimberly,…
H8-MLH (mediolateral humeral head width of the humerus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	100	111	134	14	Wimberly,…
H9-DW (distal width of the humerus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	110	125	139	13	Wimberly,…
MC1-UL (length of the metacarpus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	590	602	609	11	Wimberly,…
MC2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metacarpus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	42	44	45	2	Wimberly,…
MC3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metacarpus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	43	45	48	2	Wimberly,…
MC4-DW (distal width of the metacarpus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	80	83	84	3	Wimberly,…
MC5-PW (proximal width of the metacarpus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	84	89	92	4	Wimberly,…
MT1-UL (length of the metatarsus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	608	613	617	5	Wimberly,…
MT2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metatarsus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	42	44	46	2	Wimberly,…
MT3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metatarsus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	43	44	44	0	Wimberly,…
MT4-DW (distal width of the metatarsus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	71	76	79	4	Wimberly,…
MT5-PW (proximal width of the metatarsus)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	72	77	80	5	Wimberly,…
R1-UL (length of the radius)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	660	725	882	106	Wimberly,…
R2-PW (full proximal width of the radius)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	115	128	149	14	Wimberly,…
R3-NPW (width of humeral articular surface of the radius)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	105	113	130	10	Wimberly,…
R4-DW (distal width of the radius)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	111	124	153	17	Wimberly,…
S1-L (full length of the scapula)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	507	554	626	63	Wimberly,…
S2-GW (greatest cranio-caudal length of the scapula)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	214	230	263	28	Wimberly,…
S3-SW (shortest length of scapular neck of the scapula)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	75	84	98	12	Wimberly,…
S4-GH (anteroposterior glenoid fossa of the scapula)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	71	85	106	18	Wimberly,…
S5-GW (mediolateral glenoid fossa of the scapula)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	62	76	93	16	Wimberly,…
T1-L (full length of the tibia)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	498	554	685	77	Wimberly,…
T2-MCF (midshaft circumference of the tibia)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	172	187	230	24	Wimberly,…
T3-PW (proximal width of the tibia)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	140	148	174	15	Wimberly,…
T4-DW (distal width of the tibia)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	94	107	121	10	Wimberly,…
U1-UL (length of the ulna)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	750	810	1,000	108	Wimberly,…
U2-OPL (olecranon process length of the ulna)	nan	mm	5	5	-	-	97	111	144	19	Wimberly,…
average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional)	nan	unitless	-	-	-	-	-	0	-	-	Abraham, …
femur circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	158	-	-	Nelson, A…
femur diameter	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	69	-	-	Nelson, A…
humerus circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	173	-	-	Nelson, A…
humerus diameter	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	85	-	-	Nelson, A…
neck length	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	916	-	-	Nelson, A…

^b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..

Table 5. List of Data Sources for Giraffa camelopardalis.
Taxon	Reference	Match	Status
Giraffa camelopardalis	Mysterud,Atle, 2000, The Relationship between Ecological Segregation and Sexual Body Size Dimorphism in Large Herbivores, Oecologia	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Clauss,M., 2010, Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function, Journal of zoology	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Gordon,IJ, 1988, Incisor arcade structure and diet selection in ruminants, Functional Ecology	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Sponheimer,M., 2001, The oxygen isotope composition of mammalian enamel carbonate from Morea Estate, South Africa, Oecologia	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Clauss,M., 2002, Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end, Oecologia	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Mendoza,M., 2008, Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?, Journal of zoology	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Damuth, J. 2010. ABSOLUT 6 a mammalian database compiled by the national center for ecological analysis and synthesis (NCEAS ) workshop on mammalian communities.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Engelman, R.K., 2022. Occipital condyle width (OCW) is a highly accurate predictor of body mass in therian mammals. BMC biology, 20(1), p.37.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Wimberly, A.N., 2023. Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements. Journal of Morphology, 284(10), p.e21636.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Giraffa camelopardalis	Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2025. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Giraffa camelopardalis , Accessed 19th April 2025 at https://mammalbase.net/me/15803]