Home Mammals Diets Proximate Analysis Occurrences News About
Diet Set ETS Occurrences Proximate Analysis
ETS
 Home Mammals Diets Proximate Analysis Master Locations News About Import Export

MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Rusa unicolor

Accepted taxon: Rusa unicolor


Accepted taxon: Rusa unicolor
Taxon: Rusa unicolor
Rank: Species
Higher Classification: ARTIODACTYLA | Cervidae | Cervinae | Rusa
Reference: Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Rusa unicolor diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 27, ASH (Ash contents) 9, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 51, CP (Crude Protein) 10, EE (Ether Extract) 3. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 1. List of Diet Items for Rusa unicolor.
TSN Complete name Part Ratio a. Reference(s)
Poaceae STEM 28.76 Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida SHOOT 25.71 Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida LEAF 19.52 Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida FRUIT 9.24 Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida BARK 6.67 Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida BUD 5.33 Nowak,R. …
Pteridophyta LEAF 3.81 Smith,A. …
0 MINERAL 0.95 Smith,A. …

a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Rusa unicolor.
Trait Selected Value All Value(s) Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 Herbivore-Mixed feeder Herbivore-Mixed feeder – Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 Herbivore Herbivore – Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Rusa unicolor.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM) nan g 5 - 5 - - 175,000 - - Nelson, A…
Body Mass (BM) Sabah g 25 25 - - - 79,080 - - Nelson, A…
Body Mass (BM) nan g 4 - - 4 - 227,000 - - Nelson, A…
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - - 206,330 - - Wimberly,…
Body Mass (BM) nan g 8 - 8 - - 54,500 - - Nelson, A…
Body Mass (BM) Perak g 44 44 - - - 97,390 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) Sabah mm 25 25 - - - 1,306.8 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm 4 - - 4 - 2,080 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm 8 - 8 - - 1,210 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) Perak mm 44 44 - - - 1,552.8 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm 5 - 5 - - 1,780 - - Nelson, A…

Table 4. List of other Measurements b. for Rusa unicolor.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Length of the Masseteric Fossa cm 9 9 - - - 16 - - Quibod, M…
Muzzle Width cm 9 9 - - - 5 - - Quibod, M…
Total Length of the Skull cm 9 9 - - - 35 - - Quibod, M…
A1-MLL (maximum lateral length of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 58 62 66 4 Wimberly,…
A2-MML (maximum medial length of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 54 57 62 5 Wimberly,…
A3-MIN (minimal length of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 45 49 55 6 Wimberly,…
A4-WAT (width at tarsus of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 37 39 40 2 Wimberly,…
A5-WAF (width at trochlea of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 33 34 36 2 Wimberly,…
C1-UL (greatest length of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 118 125 136 8 Wimberly,…
C2-TL (length of body of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 78 83 89 4 Wimberly,…
C3-MBH (midbody height of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 30 33 38 4 Wimberly,…
C4-MBTV (midbody transverse width of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 15 16 19 2 Wimberly,…
C5-FFL (fibular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 23 25 28 2 Wimberly,…
C6-CNFL (cubonavicular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 29 30 33 2 Wimberly,…
C7-HSF (height of sustentacular facet of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 22 25 28 2 Wimberly,…
C8-HST (height of sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 36 38 42 3 Wimberly,…
F1-UL (full length of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 343 359 376 24 Wimberly,…
F2-FL (functional length of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 326 345 364 27 Wimberly,…
F3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 109 113 117 6 Wimberly,…
F4-PW (proximal width of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 89 93 97 5 Wimberly,…
F5-MLHW (mediolateral femoral head of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 52 55 58 4 Wimberly,…
F6-APHW (anteroposterior femoral head of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 37 40 43 4 Wimberly,…
F7-DW (distal width of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 80 81 82 2 Wimberly,…
F8-MPL (medial condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 98 101 104 4 Wimberly,…
F9-LPL (lateral condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 84 88 92 5 Wimberly,…
H1-UL (full length of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 265 286 308 30 Wimberly,…
H2-FL (functional length of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 232 256 279 33 Wimberly,…
H3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 100 110 119 13 Wimberly,…
H4-MTH (largest medial height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 37 40 43 5 Wimberly,…
H5-MidTH (smallest height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 28 31 34 4 Wimberly,…
H6-LTH (largest lateral height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 32 35 38 4 Wimberly,…
H7-PW (proximal width of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 69 74 78 7 Wimberly,…
H8-MLH (mediolateral humeral head width of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 50 56 62 9 Wimberly,…
H9-DW (distal width of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 56 63 69 9 Wimberly,…
MC1-UL (length of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 220 233 247 19 Wimberly,…
MC2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 21 23 25 3 Wimberly,…
MC3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 25 28 30 4 Wimberly,…
MC4-DW (distal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 38 43 47 7 Wimberly,…
MC5-PW (proximal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 37 42 48 8 Wimberly,…
MT1-UL (length of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 248 260 273 18 Wimberly,…
MT2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 28 29 30 2 Wimberly,…
MT3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 27 28 29 1 Wimberly,…
MT4-DW (distal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 43 46 50 5 Wimberly,…
MT5-PW (proximal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 39 43 47 6 Wimberly,…
R1-UL (length of the radius) nan mm 4 4 - - 237 263 289 37 Wimberly,…
R2-PW (full proximal width of the radius) nan mm 4 4 - - 56 59 63 5 Wimberly,…
R3-NPW (width of humeral articular surface of the radius) nan mm 4 4 - - 50 54 58 5 Wimberly,…
R4-DW (distal width of the radius) nan mm 4 4 - - 47 52 57 7 Wimberly,…
S1-L (full length of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - - 321 - - Wimberly,…
S2-GW (greatest cranio-caudal length of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - - 182 - - Wimberly,…
S3-SW (shortest length of scapular neck of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - - 37 - - Wimberly,…
S4-GH (anteroposterior glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - - 51 - - Wimberly,…
S5-GW (mediolateral glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - - 47 - - Wimberly,…
T1-L (full length of the tibia) nan mm 4 4 - - 335 355 375 29 Wimberly,…
T2-MCF (midshaft circumference of the tibia) nan mm 4 4 - - 105 113 121 11 Wimberly,…
T3-PW (proximal width of the tibia) nan mm 4 4 - - 84 87 89 4 Wimberly,…
T4-DW (distal width of the tibia) nan mm 4 4 - - 52 55 59 5 Wimberly,…
U1-UL (length of the ulna) nan mm 4 4 - - 311 342 372 43 Wimberly,…
U2-OPL (olecranon process length of the ulna) nan mm 4 4 - - 68 78 89 15 Wimberly,…
average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional) nan unitless - - - - - 1 - - Abraham, …

b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..


Table 5. List of Data Sources for Rusa unicolor.
Taxon Reference Match Status
Cervus unicolor Clauss,M., 2002, Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end, Oecologia 52: Genus, Species = Master subfamily genus, species Verified - Accepted
Cervus unicolor Turner,J., 2004, Mammals of Australia, 52: Genus, Species = Master subfamily genus, species Verified - Accepted
Cervus unicolor Damuth, J. 2010. ABSOLUT 6 a mammalian database compiled by the national center for ecological analysis and synthesis (NCEAS ) workshop on mammalian communities. 52: Genus, Species = Master subfamily genus, species Verified - Accepted
Cervus unicolor Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 52: Genus, Species = Master subfamily genus, species Verified - Accepted
Cervus unicolor Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V, 52: Genus, Species = Master subfamily genus, species Verified - Accepted
Rusa unicolor Smith,A. T., 2010, A guide to the mammals of China, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Cervus unicolor Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 52: Genus, Species = Master subfamily genus, species Verified - Accepted
Rusa unicolor Quibod, M.N.R.M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F. and Tomlinson, K.W., 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, p.zlad068. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Rusa unicolor Wimberly, A.N., 2023. Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements. Journal of Morphology, 284(10), p.e21636. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Rusa unicolor Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Rusa unicolor Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Rusa unicolor Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Rusa unicolor Beaudrot, L., Acevedo, M.A., Gorczynski, D. and Harris, N.C., 2024. Geographic differences in body size distributions underlie food web connectance of tropical forest mammals. Scientific Reports, 14(1), pp.1-10. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Rusa unicolor Rowan, J., Beaudrot, L., Franklin, J., Reed, K.E., Smail, I.E., Zamora, A. and Kamilar, J.M., 2020. Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(3), pp.1559-1565. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Rusa unicolor , Accessed 15th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/15786]