MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Rusa timorensis

Accepted taxon: Rusa timorensis
Taxon:	Rusa timorensis
Rank:	Species
Higher Classification:	ARTIODACTYLA \| Cervidae \| Cervinae \| Rusa
Reference:	Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Rusa timorensis diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 29, ASH (Ash contents) 8, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 50, CP (Crude Protein) 10, EE (Ether Extract) 3. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 1. List of Diet Items for Rusa timorensis.
TSN Complete name	Part	Ratio ^a.	Reference(s)
Poaceae	STEM	38.89	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	LEAF	22.22	Grzimek,B…
Asystasia gangetica	LEAF	6.06	Kayat, K.…
Magnoliopsida	SHOOT	5.56	Nowak,R. …
Urochloa reptans	SHOOT	5.45	Kayat, K.…
Urochloa subquadripara	SHOOT	4.85	Kayat, K.…
Albizia lebbeck	LEAF	4.24	Kayat, K.…
Heteropogon contortus	SHOOT	3.64	Kayat, K.…
Barleria prionitis	LEAF	3.03	Kayat, K.…
Leersia hexandra	SHOOT	2.42	Kayat, K.…
Themeda triandra	SHOOT	1.82	Kayat, K.…
Festuca rubra	SHOOT	1.21	Kayat, K.…
Bothriochloa bladhii	SHOOT	0.61	Kayat, K.…

^a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Rusa timorensis.
Trait	Selected Value	All Value(s)	Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981	Herbivore-Mixed feeder	Herbivore-Mixed feeder	– Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009	Herbivore	Herbivore	– Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Rusa timorensis.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	-	57,340	-	-	Wimberly,…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	50,000	-	160,000	-	Freudenth…

Table 4. List of other Measurements ^b. for Rusa timorensis.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
Length of the Masseteric Fossa		cm	10	10	-	-	-	14	-	-	Quibod, M…
Muzzle Width		cm	10	10	-	-	-	4	-	-	Quibod, M…
Total Length of the Skull		cm	10	10	-	-	-	29	-	-	Quibod, M…
A1-MLL (maximum lateral length of the astragalus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	41	-	-	Wimberly,…
A2-MML (maximum medial length of the astragalus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	39	-	-	Wimberly,…
A3-MIN (minimal length of the astragalus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	32	-	-	Wimberly,…
A4-WAT (width at tarsus of the astragalus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	25	-	-	Wimberly,…
A5-WAF (width at trochlea of the astragalus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	23	-	-	Wimberly,…
C1-UL (greatest length of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	85	-	-	Wimberly,…
C2-TL (length of body of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	57	-	-	Wimberly,…
C3-MBH (midbody height of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	20	-	-	Wimberly,…
C4-MBTV (midbody transverse width of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	9	-	-	Wimberly,…
C5-FFL (fibular facet length of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	17	-	-	Wimberly,…
C6-CNFL (cubonavicular facet length of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	22	-	-	Wimberly,…
C7-HSF (height of sustentacular facet of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	17	-	-	Wimberly,…
C8-HST (height of sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	27	-	-	Wimberly,…
F1-UL (full length of the femur)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	241	-	-	Wimberly,…
F2-FL (functional length of the femur)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	231	-	-	Wimberly,…
F3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the femur)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	66	-	-	Wimberly,…
F4-PW (proximal width of the femur)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	58	-	-	Wimberly,…
F5-MLHW (mediolateral femoral head of the femur)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	36	-	-	Wimberly,…
F6-APHW (anteroposterior femoral head of the femur)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	25	-	-	Wimberly,…
F7-DW (distal width of the femur)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	51	-	-	Wimberly,…
F8-MPL (medial condyle and patellar lip of the femur)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	67	-	-	Wimberly,…
F9-LPL (lateral condyle and patellar lip of the femur)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	56	-	-	Wimberly,…
H1-UL (full length of the humerus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	195	-	-	Wimberly,…
H2-FL (functional length of the humerus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	176	-	-	Wimberly,…
H3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the humerus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	69	-	-	Wimberly,…
H4-MTH (largest medial height of trochlea of the humerus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	27	-	-	Wimberly,…
H5-MidTH (smallest height of trochlea of the humerus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	21	-	-	Wimberly,…
H6-LTH (largest lateral height of trochlea of the humerus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	23	-	-	Wimberly,…
H7-PW (proximal width of the humerus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	49	-	-	Wimberly,…
H8-MLH (mediolateral humeral head width of the humerus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	36	-	-	Wimberly,…
H9-DW (distal width of the humerus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	41	-	-	Wimberly,…
MC1-UL (length of the metacarpus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	166	-	-	Wimberly,…
MC2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metacarpus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	15	-	-	Wimberly,…
MC3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metacarpus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	16	-	-	Wimberly,…
MC4-DW (distal width of the metacarpus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	27	-	-	Wimberly,…
MC5-PW (proximal width of the metacarpus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	29	-	-	Wimberly,…
MT1-UL (length of the metatarsus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	182	-	-	Wimberly,…
MT2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metatarsus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	17	-	-	Wimberly,…
MT3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metatarsus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	16	-	-	Wimberly,…
MT4-DW (distal width of the metatarsus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	29	-	-	Wimberly,…
MT5-PW (proximal width of the metatarsus)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	28	-	-	Wimberly,…
R1-UL (length of the radius)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	182	-	-	Wimberly,…
R2-PW (full proximal width of the radius)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	39	-	-	Wimberly,…
R3-NPW (width of humeral articular surface of the radius)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	36	-	-	Wimberly,…
R4-DW (distal width of the radius)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	34	-	-	Wimberly,…
S1-L (full length of the scapula)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	179	-	-	Wimberly,…
S2-GW (greatest cranio-caudal length of the scapula)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	113	-	-	Wimberly,…
S3-SW (shortest length of scapular neck of the scapula)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	22	-	-	Wimberly,…
S4-GH (anteroposterior glenoid fossa of the scapula)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	30	-	-	Wimberly,…
S5-GW (mediolateral glenoid fossa of the scapula)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	28	-	-	Wimberly,…
T1-L (full length of the tibia)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	254	-	-	Wimberly,…
T2-MCF (midshaft circumference of the tibia)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	65	-	-	Wimberly,…
T3-PW (proximal width of the tibia)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	54	-	-	Wimberly,…
T4-DW (distal width of the tibia)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	37	-	-	Wimberly,…
U1-UL (length of the ulna)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	230	-	-	Wimberly,…
U2-OPL (olecranon process length of the ulna)	nan	mm	1	-	1	-	-	44	-	-	Wimberly,…
average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional)	nan	unitless	-	-	-	-	-	0	-	-	Abraham, …

^b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..

Table 5. List of Data Sources for Rusa timorensis.
Taxon	Reference	Match	Status
Cervus timorensis	Clauss,M., 2002, Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end, Oecologia	52: Genus, Species = Master subfamily genus, species	Verified - Accepted
Cervus timoriensis	Turner,J., 2004, Mammals of Australia,	52: Genus, Species = Master subfamily genus, species	Verified - Accepted
Cervus timorensis	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	52: Genus, Species = Master subfamily genus, species	Verified - Accepted
Rusa timorensis	Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Cervus timorensis	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	52: Genus, Species = Master subfamily genus, species	Verified - Accepted
Rusa timorensis	Kayat, K., Pudyatmoko, S., Maksum, M. and Imron, M.A., 2017. Potensi Konflik Penggembalaan Kuda pada Habitat Rusa Timor (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) di Kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 11(1), pp.4-18.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rusa timorensis	Quibod, M.N.R.M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F. and Tomlinson, K.W., 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, p.zlad068.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rusa timorensis	Wimberly, A.N., 2023. Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements. Journal of Morphology, 284(10), p.e21636.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rusa timorensis	Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rusa timorensis	Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rusa timorensis	Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Rusa timorensis	Rowan, J., Beaudrot, L., Franklin, J., Reed, K.E., Smail, I.E., Zamora, A. and Kamilar, J.M., 2020. Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(3), pp.1559-1565.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Rusa timorensis , Accessed 30th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/15778]