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MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Elaphurus davidianus

Accepted taxon: Elaphurus davidianus


Accepted taxon: Elaphurus davidianus
Taxon: Elaphurus davidianus
Rank: Species
Higher Classification: ARTIODACTYLA | Cervidae | Cervinae | Elaphurus
Reference: Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Elaphurus davidianus diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 19, ASH (Ash contents) 7, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 33, CP (Crude Protein) 8, EE (Ether Extract) 2. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 1. List of Diet Items for Elaphurus davidianus.
TSN Complete name Part Ratio a. Reference(s)
Magnoliopsida SHOOT 48.15 Grzimek,B…
Poaceae STEM 29.63 Nowak,R. …
Phragmites STEM 14.81 Smith,A. …
Magnoliopsida LEAF 7.41 Smith,A. …

a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Elaphurus davidianus.
Trait Selected Value All Value(s) Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 Herbivore-Grazer Herbivore-Grazer, Herbivore-Mixed feeder Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., M. Clauss, R. R. Hofmann, W. J. Streich, J. Fickel, J. Hummel, 2009, 'Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function', Journal of Zoology, vol. 281, no. 1, pp. 26-38, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 Herbivore Herbivore Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., M. Clauss, R. R. Hofmann, W. J. Streich, J. Fickel, J. Hummel, 2009, 'Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function', Journal of Zoology, vol. 281, no. 1, pp. 26-38, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Elaphurus davidianus.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM) nan g 4 - 4 - - 161,500 - - Nelson, A…
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - - 163,300 - - Wimberly,…
Body Mass (BM) nan g 7 - 7 - - 158,000 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm 4 - 4 - - 1,735 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm 7 - 7 - - 1,720 - - Nelson, A…

Table 4. List of other Measurements b. for Elaphurus davidianus.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Length of the Masseteric Fossa cm 6 6 - - - 18 - - Quibod, M…
Muzzle Width cm 6 6 - - - 5 - - Quibod, M…
Total Length of the Skull cm 6 6 - - - 40 - - Quibod, M…
A1-MLL (maximum lateral length of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 54 58 62 3 Wimberly,…
A2-MML (maximum medial length of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 51 54 56 2 Wimberly,…
A3-MIN (minimal length of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 42 46 48 2 Wimberly,…
A4-WAT (width at tarsus of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 35 37 39 2 Wimberly,…
A5-WAF (width at trochlea of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 30 32 33 1 Wimberly,…
C1-UL (greatest length of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 107 115 120 5 Wimberly,…
C2-TL (length of body of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 71 76 79 3 Wimberly,…
C3-MBH (midbody height of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 26 29 32 2 Wimberly,…
C4-MBTV (midbody transverse width of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 12 15 17 2 Wimberly,…
C5-FFL (fibular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 25 27 28 1 Wimberly,…
C6-CNFL (cubonavicular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 27 30 32 2 Wimberly,…
C7-HSF (height of sustentacular facet of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 22 23 24 1 Wimberly,…
C8-HST (height of sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 32 36 38 2 Wimberly,…
F1-UL (full length of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 304 330 340 15 Wimberly,…
F2-FL (functional length of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 285 308 322 14 Wimberly,…
F3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 85 101 109 10 Wimberly,…
F4-PW (proximal width of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 86 93 102 7 Wimberly,…
F5-MLHW (mediolateral femoral head of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 53 57 61 3 Wimberly,…
F6-APHW (anteroposterior femoral head of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 37 39 41 2 Wimberly,…
F7-DW (distal width of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 70 76 82 4 Wimberly,…
F8-MPL (medial condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 95 100 104 3 Wimberly,…
F9-LPL (lateral condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 79 83 85 2 Wimberly,…
H1-UL (full length of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 237 257 268 13 Wimberly,…
H2-FL (functional length of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 214 232 243 12 Wimberly,…
H3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 87 103 113 10 Wimberly,…
H4-MTH (largest medial height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 37 40 43 2 Wimberly,…
H5-MidTH (smallest height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 28 30 32 2 Wimberly,…
H6-LTH (largest lateral height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 32 35 37 2 Wimberly,…
H7-PW (proximal width of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 67 74 82 5 Wimberly,…
H8-MLH (mediolateral humeral head width of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 52 56 60 4 Wimberly,…
H9-DW (distal width of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 55 61 64 4 Wimberly,…
MC1-UL (length of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 218 232 242 10 Wimberly,…
MC2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 17 20 20 1 Wimberly,…
MC3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 23 27 30 2 Wimberly,…
MC4-DW (distal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 37 43 47 4 Wimberly,…
MC5-PW (proximal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 38 42 45 3 Wimberly,…
MT1-UL (length of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 238 252 263 9 Wimberly,…
MT2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 23 25 27 2 Wimberly,…
MT3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 21 24 25 2 Wimberly,…
MT4-DW (distal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 39 46 49 4 Wimberly,…
MT5-PW (proximal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 38 41 43 2 Wimberly,…
R1-UL (length of the radius) nan mm 5 5 - - 235 253 262 10 Wimberly,…
R2-PW (full proximal width of the radius) nan mm 5 5 - - 51 55 59 3 Wimberly,…
R3-NPW (width of humeral articular surface of the radius) nan mm 5 5 - - 47 50 54 3 Wimberly,…
R4-DW (distal width of the radius) nan mm 5 5 - - 49 53 56 3 Wimberly,…
S1-L (full length of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 239 270 285 27 Wimberly,…
S2-GW (greatest cranio-caudal length of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 136 162 176 23 Wimberly,…
S3-SW (shortest length of scapular neck of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 33 39 42 5 Wimberly,…
S4-GH (anteroposterior glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 41 44 47 3 Wimberly,…
S5-GW (mediolateral glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 37 41 43 3 Wimberly,…
T1-L (full length of the tibia) nan mm 5 5 - - 303 334 347 18 Wimberly,…
T2-MCF (midshaft circumference of the tibia) nan mm 5 5 - - 83 98 106 9 Wimberly,…
T3-PW (proximal width of the tibia) nan mm 5 5 - - 74 79 83 4 Wimberly,…
T4-DW (distal width of the tibia) nan mm 5 5 - - 49 52 55 3 Wimberly,…
U1-UL (length of the ulna) nan mm 5 5 - - 298 323 335 14 Wimberly,…
U2-OPL (olecranon process length of the ulna) nan mm 5 5 - - 58 66 71 5 Wimberly,…
average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional) nan unitless - - - - - 1 - - Abraham, …
femur circumference nan mm - - - - - 99 - - Nelson, A…
femur diameter nan mm - - - - - 32 - - Nelson, A…
humerus circumference nan mm - - - - - 96 - - Nelson, A…
humerus diameter nan mm - - - - - 28 - - Nelson, A…

b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..


Table 5. List of Data Sources for Elaphurus davidianus.
Taxon Reference Match Status
Elaphurus davidianus Clauss,M., 2010, Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function, Journal of zoology 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Elaphurus davidianus Clauss,M., 2002, Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end, Oecologia 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Elaphurus davidinanus Mendoza,M., 2008, Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?, Journal of zoology 51: Name variant or misspelling of the taxon Verified - Accepted
Elaphurus davidianus Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Elaphurus davidianus Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Elaphurus davidianus Smith,A. T., 2010, A guide to the mammals of China, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Elaphurus davidianus Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Elaphurus davidianus Quibod, M.N.R.M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F. and Tomlinson, K.W., 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, p.zlad068. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Elaphurus davidianus Wimberly, A.N., 2023. Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements. Journal of Morphology, 284(10), p.e21636. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Elaphurus davidianus Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Elaphurus davidianus Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Elaphurus davidianus Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Elaphurus davidianus , Accessed 1st May 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/15736]