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MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Axis porcinus

Accepted taxon: Axis porcinus


Accepted taxon: Axis porcinus
Taxon: Axis porcinus
Rank: Species
Higher Classification: ARTIODACTYLA | Cervidae | Cervinae | Axis
Reference: Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Axis porcinus diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 25, ASH (Ash contents) 10, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 50, CP (Crude Protein) 13, EE (Ether Extract) 3. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 1. List of Diet Items for Axis porcinus.
TSN Complete name Part Ratio a. Reference(s)
Magnoliopsida SHOOT 46.67 Grzimek,B…
Poaceae STEM 40.00 Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida FLOWER 10.00 Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida FRUIT 3.33 Grzimek,B…

a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Axis porcinus.
Trait Selected Value All Value(s) Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 Herbivore-Mixed feeder Herbivore-Grazer,Herbivore-Mixed feeder Abraham, …
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 Herbivore Herbivore Abraham, …

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Axis porcinus.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - - 34,270 - - Wimberly,…
Body Mass (BM) nan g 3 - 3 - - 36,000 - - Nelson, A…
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - 31,000 - 110,000 - Freudenth…
Body Mass (BM) nan g 28 - - 28 - 28,000 - - Nelson, A…
Body Mass (BM) nan g 3 - - 3 - 43,000 - - Nelson, A…
Body Mass (BM) nan g 50 - 50 - - 32,000 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm 28 - - 28 - 1,090 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm 3 - - 3 - 1,140 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm 50 - 50 - - 1,040 - - Nelson, A…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm 3 - 3 - - 1,120 - - Nelson, A…

Table 4. List of other Measurements b. for Axis porcinus.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Length of the Masseteric Fossa cm 7 7 - - - 10 - - Quibod, M…
Muzzle Width cm 7 7 - - - 3 - - Quibod, M…
Total Length of the Skull cm 7 7 - - - 21 - - Quibod, M…
A1-MLL (maximum lateral length of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 32 33 34 1 Wimberly,…
A2-MML (maximum medial length of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 29 30 31 1 Wimberly,…
A3-MIN (minimal length of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 26 26 27 1 Wimberly,…
A4-WAT (width at tarsus of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 19 20 21 1 Wimberly,…
A5-WAF (width at trochlea of the astragalus) nan mm 4 4 - - 17 18 18 1 Wimberly,…
C1-UL (greatest length of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 64 67 70 3 Wimberly,…
C2-TL (length of body of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 41 44 46 2 Wimberly,…
C3-MBH (midbody height of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 16 17 19 1 Wimberly,…
C4-MBTV (midbody transverse width of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 9 10 11 1 Wimberly,…
C5-FFL (fibular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 13 13 14 0 Wimberly,…
C6-CNFL (cubonavicular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 16 17 17 1 Wimberly,…
C7-HSF (height of sustentacular facet of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 11 13 14 1 Wimberly,…
C8-HST (height of sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus) nan mm 4 4 - - 19 21 22 1 Wimberly,…
F1-UL (full length of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 183 193 203 14 Wimberly,…
F2-FL (functional length of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 173 184 196 16 Wimberly,…
F3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 51 55 59 6 Wimberly,…
F4-PW (proximal width of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 43 48 53 7 Wimberly,…
F5-MLHW (mediolateral femoral head of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 28 30 33 4 Wimberly,…
F6-APHW (anteroposterior femoral head of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 21 21 22 1 Wimberly,…
F7-DW (distal width of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 39 41 42 2 Wimberly,…
F8-MPL (medial condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 53 54 55 2 Wimberly,…
F9-LPL (lateral condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 4 4 - - 46 46 47 0 Wimberly,…
H1-UL (full length of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 144 158 169 13 Wimberly,…
H2-FL (functional length of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 129 141 150 11 Wimberly,…
H3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 48 54 58 5 Wimberly,…
H4-MTH (largest medial height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 20 21 22 1 Wimberly,…
H5-MidTH (smallest height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 16 16 17 0 Wimberly,…
H6-LTH (largest lateral height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 18 18 19 1 Wimberly,…
H7-PW (proximal width of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 34 37 39 2 Wimberly,…
H8-MLH (mediolateral humeral head width of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 28 32 34 3 Wimberly,…
H9-DW (distal width of the humerus) nan mm 4 4 - - 30 32 33 2 Wimberly,…
MC1-UL (length of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 112 118 124 5 Wimberly,…
MC2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 11 12 13 1 Wimberly,…
MC3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 12 13 14 1 Wimberly,…
MC4-DW (distal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 20 21 23 1 Wimberly,…
MC5-PW (proximal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 4 4 - - 20 22 24 2 Wimberly,…
MT1-UL (length of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 132 138 142 5 Wimberly,…
MT2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 13 14 15 1 Wimberly,…
MT3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 12 14 15 1 Wimberly,…
MT4-DW (distal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 21 23 24 1 Wimberly,…
MT5-PW (proximal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 4 4 - - 20 21 23 1 Wimberly,…
R1-UL (length of the radius) nan mm 4 4 - - 124 136 142 10 Wimberly,…
R2-PW (full proximal width of the radius) nan mm 4 4 - - 28 31 32 2 Wimberly,…
R3-NPW (width of humeral articular surface of the radius) nan mm 4 4 - - 25 27 29 2 Wimberly,…
R4-DW (distal width of the radius) nan mm 4 4 - - 24 26 29 3 Wimberly,…
S1-L (full length of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - - 158 - - Wimberly,…
S2-GW (greatest cranio-caudal length of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - - 94 - - Wimberly,…
S3-SW (shortest length of scapular neck of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - - 19 - - Wimberly,…
S4-GH (anteroposterior glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - - 26 - - Wimberly,…
S5-GW (mediolateral glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 4 4 - - - 25 - - Wimberly,…
T1-L (full length of the tibia) nan mm 4 4 - - 191 205 215 13 Wimberly,…
T2-MCF (midshaft circumference of the tibia) nan mm 4 4 - - 52 56 60 4 Wimberly,…
T3-PW (proximal width of the tibia) nan mm 4 4 - - 42 44 46 2 Wimberly,…
T4-DW (distal width of the tibia) nan mm 4 4 - - 28 28 30 1 Wimberly,…
U1-UL (length of the ulna) nan mm 4 4 - - 161 176 185 14 Wimberly,…
U2-OPL (olecranon process length of the ulna) nan mm 4 4 - - 35 38 41 3 Wimberly,…
average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional) nan unitless - - - - - 1 - - Abraham, …
femur diameter nan mm - - - - - 14 - - Nelson, A…
humerus diameter nan mm - - - - - 17 - - Nelson, A…
neck length nan mm - - - - - 232 - - Nelson, A…

b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..


Table 5. List of Data Sources for Axis porcinus.
Taxon Reference Match Status
Axis porcinus Clauss,M., 2010, Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function, Journal of zoology 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Axis porcinus Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Axis porcinus Mendoza,M., 2008, Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?, Journal of zoology 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Axis porcinus Turner,J., 2004, Mammals of Australia, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Axis porcinus Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Axis porcinus Smith,A. T., 2010, A guide to the mammals of China, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Axis porcinus Quibod, M.N.R.M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F. and Tomlinson, K.W., 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, p.zlad068. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Axis porcinus Wimberly, A.N., 2023. Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements. Journal of Morphology, 284(10), p.e21636. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Axis porcinus Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Axis porcinus Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Axis porcinus Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Axis porcinus Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2025. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Axis porcinus , Accessed 11th October 2025 at https://mammalbase.net/me/15689]