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MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Blastocerus dichotomus

Accepted taxon: Blastocerus dichotomus


Accepted taxon: Blastocerus dichotomus
Taxon: Blastocerus dichotomus
Rank: Species
Higher Classification: ARTIODACTYLA | Cervidae | Capreolinae | Blastocerus
Reference: Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Blastocerus dichotomus diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 27, ASH (Ash contents) 11, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 48, CP (Crude Protein) 12, EE (Ether Extract) 2. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 1. List of Diet Items for Blastocerus dichotomus.
TSN Complete name Part Ratio a. Reference(s)
Magnoliopsida SHOOT 43.33 Damuth, J…
Phragmites STEM 22.22 Grzimek,B…
Poaceae STEM 16.67 Nowak,R. …
Viridaeplantae SHOOT 11.11 Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida LEAF 4.44 Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida FRUIT 2.22 Damuth, J…

a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Blastocerus dichotomus.
Trait Selected Value All Value(s) Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 Herbivore-Mixed feeder Herbivore-Browser, Herbivore-Grazer, Herbivore-Mixed feeder Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., M. Clauss, R. R. Hofmann, W. J. Streich, J. Fickel, J. Hummel, 2009, 'Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function', Journal of Zoology, vol. 281, no. 1, pp. 26-38, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Paglia,A. P., 2012, Lista Anotada dos Mamíferos do Brasil 2ª Edição Annotated Checklist of Brazilian Mammals 2nd Edition, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 Herbivore Herbivore Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., M. Clauss, R. R. Hofmann, W. J. Streich, J. Fickel, J. Hummel, 2009, 'Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function', Journal of Zoology, vol. 281, no. 1, pp. 26-38, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142, Marcus Clauss, Matthias Lechner-Doll, Juergen Streich, 2002, 'Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end', Oecologia, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 343-349, Paglia,A. P., 2012, Lista Anotada dos Mamíferos do Brasil 2ª Edição Annotated Checklist of Brazilian Mammals 2nd Edition, Quibod, M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F., Tomlinson, K. 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. None(None), pp.None. Available at: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad068.
Locomotion: Eisenberg 1981 Terrestrial Terrestrial Paglia,A. P., 2012, Lista Anotada dos Mamíferos do Brasil 2ª Edição Annotated Checklist of Brazilian Mammals 2nd Edition

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Blastocerus dichotomus.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - - 102,500 - - Wimberly,…
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - 70,000 - 150,000 - Freudenth…
Body Mass - Female (BM-F) Brazil g - - - - - 100,000 - - Paglia,A.…
Body Mass - Male (BM-M) Brazil g - - - - - 130,000 - - Paglia,A.…

Table 4. List of other Measurements b. for Blastocerus dichotomus.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Length of the Masseteric Fossa cm 6 6 - - - 13 - - Quibod, M…
Muzzle Width cm 6 6 - - - 4 - - Quibod, M…
Total Length of the Skull cm 6 6 - - - 32 - - Quibod, M…
A1-MLL (maximum lateral length of the astragalus) nan mm 3 3 - - 47 49 50 2 Wimberly,…
A2-MML (maximum medial length of the astragalus) nan mm 3 3 - - 43 45 47 2 Wimberly,…
A3-MIN (minimal length of the astragalus) nan mm 3 3 - - 37 39 40 2 Wimberly,…
A4-WAT (width at tarsus of the astragalus) nan mm 3 3 - - 30 30 30 0 Wimberly,…
A5-WAF (width at trochlea of the astragalus) nan mm 3 3 - - 26 27 29 1 Wimberly,…
C1-UL (greatest length of the calcaneus) nan mm 3 3 - - 98 102 106 4 Wimberly,…
C2-TL (length of body of the calcaneus) nan mm 3 3 - - 66 68 72 3 Wimberly,…
C3-MBH (midbody height of the calcaneus) nan mm 3 3 - - 24 25 27 2 Wimberly,…
C4-MBTV (midbody transverse width of the calcaneus) nan mm 3 3 - - 12 12 13 0 Wimberly,…
C5-FFL (fibular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 3 3 - - 18 21 24 3 Wimberly,…
C6-CNFL (cubonavicular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 3 3 - - 21 23 25 2 Wimberly,…
C7-HSF (height of sustentacular facet of the calcaneus) nan mm 3 3 - - 19 20 20 1 Wimberly,…
C8-HST (height of sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus) nan mm 3 3 - - 29 30 31 1 Wimberly,…
F1-UL (full length of the femur) nan mm 3 3 - - 276 293 310 17 Wimberly,…
F2-FL (functional length of the femur) nan mm 3 3 - - 265 284 300 18 Wimberly,…
F3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the femur) nan mm 3 3 - - 79 82 89 6 Wimberly,…
F4-PW (proximal width of the femur) nan mm 3 3 - - 67 70 74 3 Wimberly,…
F5-MLHW (mediolateral femoral head of the femur) nan mm 3 3 - - 39 40 42 1 Wimberly,…
F6-APHW (anteroposterior femoral head of the femur) nan mm 3 3 - - 30 31 31 1 Wimberly,…
F7-DW (distal width of the femur) nan mm 3 3 - - 60 61 63 2 Wimberly,…
F8-MPL (medial condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 3 3 - - 79 82 85 3 Wimberly,…
F9-LPL (lateral condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 3 3 - - 68 70 73 3 Wimberly,…
H1-UL (full length of the humerus) nan mm 3 3 - - 217 230 245 14 Wimberly,…
H2-FL (functional length of the humerus) nan mm 3 3 - - 201 213 225 12 Wimberly,…
H3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the humerus) nan mm 3 3 - - 70 75 82 6 Wimberly,…
H4-MTH (largest medial height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 3 3 - - 31 33 35 2 Wimberly,…
H5-MidTH (smallest height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 3 3 - - 23 23 24 1 Wimberly,…
H6-LTH (largest lateral height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 3 3 - - 25 26 28 1 Wimberly,…
H7-PW (proximal width of the humerus) nan mm 3 3 - - 52 56 61 4 Wimberly,…
H8-MLH (mediolateral humeral head width of the humerus) nan mm 3 3 - - 40 44 49 5 Wimberly,…
H9-DW (distal width of the humerus) nan mm 3 3 - - 42 45 49 4 Wimberly,…
MC1-UL (length of the metacarpus) nan mm 3 3 - - 214 222 235 11 Wimberly,…
MC2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 3 3 - - 16 18 20 2 Wimberly,…
MC3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 3 3 - - 18 19 19 1 Wimberly,…
MC4-DW (distal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 3 3 - - 32 33 35 1 Wimberly,…
MC5-PW (proximal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 3 3 - - 32 34 35 1 Wimberly,…
MT1-UL (length of the metatarsus) nan mm 3 3 - - 235 243 254 10 Wimberly,…
MT2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 3 3 - - 22 22 24 2 Wimberly,…
MT3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 3 3 - - 18 19 20 1 Wimberly,…
MT4-DW (distal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 3 3 - - 34 36 37 1 Wimberly,…
MT5-PW (proximal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 3 3 - - 32 32 32 0 Wimberly,…
R1-UL (length of the radius) nan mm 3 3 - - 219 230 241 11 Wimberly,…
R2-PW (full proximal width of the radius) nan mm 3 3 - - 40 42 44 2 Wimberly,…
R3-NPW (width of humeral articular surface of the radius) nan mm 3 3 - - 38 40 42 2 Wimberly,…
R4-DW (distal width of the radius) nan mm 3 3 - - 37 38 40 2 Wimberly,…
S1-L (full length of the scapula) nan mm 3 3 - - 202 215 228 13 Wimberly,…
S2-GW (greatest cranio-caudal length of the scapula) nan mm 3 3 - - 113 119 124 5 Wimberly,…
S3-SW (shortest length of scapular neck of the scapula) nan mm 3 3 - - 26 27 29 2 Wimberly,…
S4-GH (anteroposterior glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 3 3 - - 36 37 38 1 Wimberly,…
S5-GW (mediolateral glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 3 3 - - 32 33 35 2 Wimberly,…
T1-L (full length of the tibia) nan mm 3 3 - - 296 317 335 20 Wimberly,…
T2-MCF (midshaft circumference of the tibia) nan mm 3 3 - - 78 80 85 4 Wimberly,…
T3-PW (proximal width of the tibia) nan mm 3 3 - - 63 65 67 2 Wimberly,…
T4-DW (distal width of the tibia) nan mm 3 3 - - 40 41 42 1 Wimberly,…
U1-UL (length of the ulna) nan mm 3 3 - - 277 290 305 14 Wimberly,…
U2-OPL (olecranon process length of the ulna) nan mm 3 3 - - 46 48 52 4 Wimberly,…
average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional) nan unitless - - - - - 0 - - Abraham, …

b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..


Table 5. List of Data Sources for Blastocerus dichotomus.
Taxon Reference Match Status
Blastocerus dichotomus Clauss,M., 2002, Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end, Oecologia 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Clauss,M., 2010, Convergence in the macroscopic anatomy of the reticulum in wild ruminant species of different feeding types and a new resulting hypothesis on reticular function, Journal of zoology 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Mendoza,M., 2008, Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?, Journal of zoology 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Paglia,A. P., 2012, Lista Anotada dos Mamíferos do Brasil 2ª Edição Annotated Checklist of Brazilian Mammals, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Damuth, J. 2010. ABSOLUT 6 a mammalian database compiled by the national center for ecological analysis and synthesis (NCEAS ) workshop on mammalian communities. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Quibod, M.N.R.M., Gélin, U., van Langevelde, F. and Tomlinson, K.W., 2023. Diet-specific responses of skull traits to aridity gradients in bovids and cervids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, p.zlad068. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Wimberly, A.N., 2023. Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements. Journal of Morphology, 284(10), p.e21636. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Blastocerus dichotomus Rowan, J., Beaudrot, L., Franklin, J., Reed, K.E., Smail, I.E., Zamora, A. and Kamilar, J.M., 2020. Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(3), pp.1559-1565. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Blastocerus dichotomus , Accessed 17th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/15565]