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MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Tragulus napu

Accepted taxon: Tragulus napu


Accepted taxon: Tragulus napu
Taxon: Tragulus napu
Rank: Species
Higher Classification: ARTIODACTYLA | Tragulidae | Tragulus
Reference: Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Tragulus napu diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 15, ASH (Ash contents) 8, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 50, CP (Crude Protein) 20, EE (Ether Extract) 6. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 1. List of Diet Items for Tragulus napu.
TSN Complete name Part Ratio a. Reference(s)
Magnoliopsida BUD 33.33 Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida LEAF 26.67 Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida FRUIT 20.00 Grzimek,B…
Arthropoda WHOLE 13.33 Grzimek,B…
Animalia WHOLE 6.67 Grzimek,B…

a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]


Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Tragulus napu.
Trait Selected Value All Value(s) Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981 Herbivore-Browser Frugivore-Granivore, Herbivore-Browser Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., I. J. Gordon, A. W. Illius, 1988, 'Incisor Arcade Structure and Diet Selection in Ruminants', Functional Ecology, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 15, Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009 Herbivore Frugivore, Herbivore Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006., I. J. Gordon, A. W. Illius, 1988, 'Incisor Arcade Structure and Diet Selection in Ruminants', Functional Ecology, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 15, Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research, M. Mendoza, P. Palmqvist, 2008, 'Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?', Journal of Zoology, vol. 274, no. 2, pp. 134-142

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Tragulus napu.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM) nan g 3 3 - - - 2,120.33 - - Engelman,…
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - - 5,320 - - Wimberly,…
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - - 4,000 - - Abraham, …
Body Mass (BM) nan g - - - - 2,510 - 8,000 - Freudenth…
Head-Body Length (HBL) nan mm - - - - - 469.3 - - Engelman,…
Occipital condyle width (OCW) nan mm 3 3 - - - 21.06 - - Engelman,…

Table 4. List of other Measurements b. for Tragulus napu.
Measurement Location Unit n Total n Unknown n Female n Male Min Mean Max SD Reference(s)
brainmass nan g - - - - - 19 - - Engelman,…
skull_length nan mm - - - - - 103 - - Engelman,…
A1-MLL (maximum lateral length of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 13 15 16 1 Wimberly,…
A2-MML (maximum medial length of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 12 13 15 1 Wimberly,…
A3-MIN (minimal length of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 11 12 13 1 Wimberly,…
A4-WAT (width at tarsus of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 7 8 9 1 Wimberly,…
A5-WAF (width at trochlea of the astragalus) nan mm 5 5 - - 7 8 9 1 Wimberly,…
C1-UL (greatest length of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 29 32 35 3 Wimberly,…
C2-TL (length of body of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 18 19 21 2 Wimberly,…
C3-MBH (midbody height of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 7 8 9 1 Wimberly,…
C4-MBTV (midbody transverse width of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 4 5 6 1 Wimberly,…
C5-FFL (fibular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 4 5 5 1 Wimberly,…
C6-CNFL (cubonavicular facet length of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 6 7 8 1 Wimberly,…
C7-HSF (height of sustentacular facet of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 6 7 9 1 Wimberly,…
C8-HST (height of sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus) nan mm 5 5 - - 8 10 11 1 Wimberly,…
F1-UL (full length of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 91 97 101 4 Wimberly,…
F2-FL (functional length of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 88 94 99 4 Wimberly,…
F3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 23 26 29 3 Wimberly,…
F4-PW (proximal width of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 17 19 20 1 Wimberly,…
F5-MLHW (mediolateral femoral head of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 11 12 13 1 Wimberly,…
F6-APHW (anteroposterior femoral head of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 8 9 9 1 Wimberly,…
F7-DW (distal width of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 16 18 21 2 Wimberly,…
F8-MPL (medial condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 20 23 26 2 Wimberly,…
F9-LPL (lateral condyle and patellar lip of the femur) nan mm 5 5 - - 20 22 24 2 Wimberly,…
H1-UL (full length of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 78 80 81 1 Wimberly,…
H2-FL (functional length of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 73 75 76 1 Wimberly,…
H3-MCF (midshaft circumference of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 18 21 23 2 Wimberly,…
H4-MTH (largest medial height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 7 8 9 1 Wimberly,…
H5-MidTH (smallest height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 5 6 6 0 Wimberly,…
H6-LTH (largest lateral height of trochlea of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 6 7 7 0 Wimberly,…
H7-PW (proximal width of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 11 12 13 1 Wimberly,…
H8-MLH (mediolateral humeral head width of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 11 12 13 1 Wimberly,…
H9-DW (distal width of the humerus) nan mm 5 5 - - 14 15 16 1 Wimberly,…
MC1-UL (length of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 39 42 46 3 Wimberly,…
MC2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 3 3 4 0 Wimberly,…
MC3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 6 7 7 1 Wimberly,…
MC4-DW (distal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 9 10 11 1 Wimberly,…
MC5-PW (proximal width of the metacarpus) nan mm 5 5 - - 7 8 9 1 Wimberly,…
MT1-UL (length of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 57 63 69 5 Wimberly,…
MT2-MAP (anteroposterior midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 5 5 6 0 Wimberly,…
MT3-MML (mediolateral midshaft of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 6 7 8 1 Wimberly,…
MT4-DW (distal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 10 12 14 1 Wimberly,…
MT5-PW (proximal width of the metatarsus) nan mm 5 5 - - 8 9 11 1 Wimberly,…
R1-UL (length of the radius) nan mm 5 5 - - 61 64 66 2 Wimberly,…
R2-PW (full proximal width of the radius) nan mm 5 5 - - 9 10 12 1 Wimberly,…
R3-NPW (width of humeral articular surface of the radius) nan mm 5 5 - - 9 10 12 1 Wimberly,…
R4-DW (distal width of the radius) nan mm 5 5 - - 9 10 11 1 Wimberly,…
S1-L (full length of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 56 62 65 3 Wimberly,…
S2-GW (greatest cranio-caudal length of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 36 42 45 3 Wimberly,…
S3-SW (shortest length of scapular neck of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 6 7 8 1 Wimberly,…
S4-GH (anteroposterior glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 9 10 10 1 Wimberly,…
S5-GW (mediolateral glenoid fossa of the scapula) nan mm 5 5 - - 8 9 10 1 Wimberly,…
T1-L (full length of the tibia) nan mm 5 5 - - 96 103 107 4 Wimberly,…
T2-MCF (midshaft circumference of the tibia) nan mm 5 5 - - 22 26 29 3 Wimberly,…
T3-PW (proximal width of the tibia) nan mm 5 5 - - 17 20 21 2 Wimberly,…
T4-DW (distal width of the tibia) nan mm 5 5 - - 11 13 14 1 Wimberly,…
U1-UL (length of the ulna) nan mm 5 5 - - 76 80 83 3 Wimberly,…
U2-OPL (olecranon process length of the ulna) nan mm 5 5 - - 12 14 15 1 Wimberly,…
average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional) nan unitless - - - - - - - - Abraham, …

b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..


Table 5. List of Data Sources for Tragulus napu.
Taxon Reference Match Status
Tragulus napu Gordon,IJ, 1988, Incisor arcade structure and diet selection in ruminants, Functional Ecology 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragulus napu Loison,A., 1999, What factors shape sexual size dimorphism in ungulates?, Evolutionary Ecology Research 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragulus napu Mendoza,M., 2008, Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?, Journal of zoology 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragulus napu Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V, 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragulus napu Engelman, R.K., 2022. Occipital condyle width (OCW) is a highly accurate predictor of body mass in therian mammals. BMC biology, 20(1), p.37. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragulus napu Wimberly, A.N., 2023. Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements. Journal of Morphology, 284(10), p.e21636. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragulus napu Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragulus napu Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragulus napu Beaudrot, L., Acevedo, M.A., Gorczynski, D. and Harris, N.C., 2024. Geographic differences in body size distributions underlie food web connectance of tropical forest mammals. Scientific Reports, 14(1), pp.1-10. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted
Tragulus napu Rowan, J., Beaudrot, L., Franklin, J., Reed, K.E., Smail, I.E., Zamora, A. and Kamilar, J.M., 2020. Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(3), pp.1559-1565. 1: Exact Taxon match Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Tragulus napu , Accessed 17th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/15517]