MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Diceros bicornis

Accepted taxon: Diceros bicornis
Taxon:	Diceros bicornis
Rank:	Species
Higher Classification:	PERISSODACTYLA \| Rhinocerotidae \| Diceros
Reference:	Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Diceros bicornis diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 27, ASH (Ash contents) 8, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 51, CP (Crude Protein) 11, EE (Ether Extract) 3. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 1. List of Diet Items for Diceros bicornis.
TSN Complete name	Part	Ratio ^a.	Reference(s)
Acacia	LEAF	18.52	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	LEAF	17.96	Damuth, J…
Fabaceae	STEM	16.67	Nowak,R. …
Magnoliopsida	STEM	14.07	Damuth, J…
Poaceae	STEM	12.78	Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida	SHOOT	9.26	Grzimek,B…
Euphorbiaceae	SHOOT	6.48	Grzimek,B…
Magnoliopsida	FRUIT	3.33	Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida	BARK	0.93	Grzimek,B…

^a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Diceros bicornis.
Trait	Selected Value	All Value(s)	Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981	Herbivore-Browser	Herbivore-Browser	Abraham, …
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009	Herbivore	Herbivore	Abraham, …

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Diceros bicornis.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	1	1	-	-	-	1,154,714.29	-	-	Engelman,…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	800,000	-	1,820,000	-	Freudenth…
Head-Body Length (HBL)	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	3,325	-	-	Engelman,…
Occipital condyle width (OCW)	nan	mm	1	1	-	-	-	149.86	-	-	Engelman,…

Table 4. List of other Measurements ^b. for Diceros bicornis.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
brainmass	nan	g	-	-	-	-	-	655	-	-	Engelman,…
skull_length	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	548	-	-	Engelman,…
average ungulate dietary grass fraction (proportional)	nan	unitless	-	-	-	-	-	0	-	-	Abraham, …
femur circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	202	-	-	Nelson, A…
femur diameter	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	68	-	-	Nelson, A…
humerus circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	216	-	-	Nelson, A…
humerus diameter	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	66	-	-	Nelson, A…

^b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..

Table 5. List of Data Sources for Diceros bicornis.
Taxon	Reference	Match	Status
Diceros bicornis	Clauss,M., 2005, Tannin-binding salivary proteins in three captive rhinoceros species, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Diceros bicornis	Mendoza,M., 2008, Hypsodonty in ungulates: an adaptation for grass consumption or for foraging in open habitat?, Journal of zoology	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Diceros bicornis	Damuth, J. 2010. ABSOLUT 6 a mammalian database compiled by the national center for ecological analysis and synthesis (NCEAS ) workshop on mammalian communities.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Diceros bicornis	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Diceros bicornis	Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Diceros bicornis	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Diceros bicornis	Engelman, R.K., 2022. Occipital condyle width (OCW) is a highly accurate predictor of body mass in therian mammals. BMC biology, 20(1), p.37.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Diceros bicornis	DeMers, A.C., 2023. Functional Significance of the Mandible, Tooth Roots, and Tooth Crowns, and their Implications for Fossil Dietary Inference (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Diceros bicornis	Abraham, J.O., Upham, N.S., Damian-Serrano, A. and Jesmer, B.R., 2022. Evolutionary causes and consequences of ungulate migration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6(7), pp.998-1006.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Diceros bicornis	Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Diceros bicornis	Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Diceros bicornis	Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2025. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Diceros bicornis , Accessed 7th April 2025 at https://mammalbase.net/me/15372]