MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Lutra lutra

Accepted taxon: Lutra lutra
Taxon:	Lutra lutra
Rank:	Species
Higher Classification:	CARNIVORA \| CANIFORMIA \| Mustelidae \| Lutrinae \| Lutra
Reference:	Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Lutra lutra diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 1, ASH (Ash contents) 15, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 6, CP (Crude Protein) 67, EE (Ether Extract) 11. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 1. List of Diet Items for Lutra lutra.
TSN Complete name	Part	Ratio ^a.	Reference(s)
Osteichthyes	WHOLE	30.65	Grzimek,B…
Aves	WHOLE	16.48	Grzimek,B…
Amphibia	WHOLE	11.79	Jo, Y.S.,…
Insecta	WHOLE	8.48	Jo, Y.S.,…
Leuciscus cephalus	WHOLE	4.60	Kopij, G.…
Capoeta	WHOLE	4.39	Mirzaei,R…
Alburnoides bipunctatus	WHOLE	3.98	Mirzaei,R…
Oncorhynchus mykiss	WHOLE	2.27	Mirzaei,R…
Brachyura	WHOLE	1.94	Grzimek,B…
Crustacea	WHOLE	1.20	Jo, Y.S.,…
Mammalia	WHOLE	0.78	Jo, Y.S.,…
Anura	WHOLE	0.72	Grzimek,B…
Cichlidae	WHOLE	0.50	McMillan,…
Astacoidea	WHOLE	0.40	Grzimek,B…
Cyprinidae	WHOLE	0.32	Kopij, G.…
Rodentia	WHOLE	0.27	Grzimek,B…
Oreochromis	WHOLE	0.22	McMillan,…
Mugil cephalus	WHOLE	0.21	McMillan,…
Perca fluviatilis	WHOLE	0.17	Kopij, G.…
Rutilus rutilus	WHOLE	0.17	Kopij, G.…
Cottus gobio	WHOLE	0.16	Kopij, G.…
Gasterosteus aculeatus	WHOLE	0.16	Kopij, G.…
Carassius auratus	WHOLE	0.15	McMillan,…
Gymnocephalus cernuus	WHOLE	0.15	Kopij, G.…
Gobio gobio	WHOLE	0.15	Kopij, G.…
Esox lucius	WHOLE	0.14	Kopij, G.…
Carassius carassius	WHOLE	0.14	Kopij, G.…
Tinca tinca	WHOLE	0.12	Kopij, G.…
Arthropoda	WHOLE	0.12	McMillan,…
Barbatula barbatula	WHOLE	0.12	Kopij, G.…
Cyprinus carpio	WHOLE	0.11	Kopij, G.…
Leucaspius delineatus	WHOLE	0.11	Kopij, G.…
Astacus	WHOLE	0.10	Kopij, G.…
Cirrhinus molitorella	WHOLE	0.09	McMillan,…
Alburnus alburnus	WHOLE	0.09	Kopij, G.…
Scardinius erythrophthalmus	WHOLE	0.08	Kopij, G.…
Blicca bjoerkna	WHOLE	0.07	Kopij, G.…
Cobitidae	WHOLE	0.07	Kopij, G.…
Lota lota	WHOLE	0.06	Kopij, G.…
Abramis brama	WHOLE	0.06	Kopij, G.…
Barbus barbus	WHOLE	0.05	Kopij, G.…
Ctenopharyngodon idella	WHOLE	0.05	McMillan,…
Leuciscus idus	WHOLE	0.03	Kopij, G.…
Monopterus albus	WHOLE	0.03	McMillan,…
Rhodeus sericeus	WHOLE	0.03	Kopij, G.…
Anseriformes	WHOLE	0.02	Smith,A. …
Cobitis taenia	WHOLE	0.02	Kopij, G.…
Misgurnus fossilis	WHOLE	0.02	Kopij, G.…
Lagomorpha	WHOLE	0.02	Smith,A. …
Mollusca	WHOLE	0.01	Kopij, G.…

^a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Lutra lutra.
Trait	Selected Value	All Value(s)	Reference(s)
Locomotion: Eisenberg 1981	Aquatic	Aquatic	– John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981	Piscivore and Squid-Eater	Carnivore, Piscivore and Squid-Eater	– Brian K. McNab, 1986, 'The Influence of Food Habits on the Energetics of Eutherian Mammals', Ecological Monographs, vol. 56, no. 1, p. 1, John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009	Animalivore	Animalivore	– Brian K. McNab, 1986, 'The Influence of Food Habits on the Energetics of Eutherian Mammals', Ecological Monographs, vol. 56, no. 1, p. 1, John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554
Temporal habits	nocturnal	nocturnal	– John L. Gittleman, 1985, 'Carnivore body size: Ecological and taxonomic correlates', Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 540-554

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Lutra lutra.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	2,500	-	15,000	-	Freudenth…

Table 4. List of other Measurements ^b. for Lutra lutra.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
OPD (l)		n/a	2	2	-	-	-	27	-	-	Evans, Al…
OPD (u)		n/a	2	2	-	-	-	43	-	-	Evans, Al…
BMR (kJ/h)	nan	kJ/h	-	-	-	-	-	90	-	-	McNab, B.…
femur circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	32	-	-	Nelson, A…
humerus circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	35	-	-	Nelson, A…
humerus diameter	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	7	-	-	Nelson, A…
neck length	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	78	-	-	Nelson, A…

^b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..

Table 5. List of Data Sources for Lutra lutra.
Taxon	Reference	Match	Status
Lutra lutra	McNab,B. K., 1986, The influence of food habits on the energetics of eutherian mammals, Ecological Monographs	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	Gittleman,J. L., 1985, Carnivore body size: ecological and taxonomic correlates, Oecologia	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	Evans, Alistair R., Gregory P. Wilson, Mikael Fortelius, and Jukka Jernvall. Ã¢â‚¬Å“High-Level Similarity of Dentitions in Carnivorans and Rodents.Ã¢â‚¬Â Nature 445, no. 7123 (December 13, 2006): 78Ã¢â‚¬â€œ81. doi:10.1038/nature05433.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	Smith,A. T., 2010, A guide to the mammals of China,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	Mirzaei,Rouhollah, 2014, The Diet of Eurasian Otters in the Jajrood River System, Iran, Mammal Study	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	Law, C.J., Blackwell, E.A., Curtis, A.A., Dickinson, E., Hartstone‐Rose, A. and Santana, S.E., 2022. Decoupled evolution of the cranium and mandible in carnivoran mammals. Evolution.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	McMillan, S.E., Wong, A.T.C., Tang, S.S.Y., Yau, E.Y.H., Gomersall, T., Wong, P.Y., Vu, A.K.H., Sin, S.Y.W., Hau, B.C. and Bonebrake, T.C., 2022. Spraints demonstrate small population size and reliance on fishponds for Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in Hong Kong. Conservation Science and Practice, p.e12851.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	Kopij, G. and SZYMCZYK, K., 2023. Diet of the Otter Lutra lutra inhabiting a forest stream in SW Poland.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	DeMers, A.C., 2023. Functional Significance of the Mandible, Tooth Roots, and Tooth Crowns, and their Implications for Fossil Dietary Inference (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	McNab, B.K., 2008. An analysis of the factors that influence the level and scaling of mammalian BMR. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 151(1), pp.5-28.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	Jo, Y.S., 2023. The Food Habits of the Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra in South Korea. Mammal Study, 49(1).	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	Beaudrot, L., Acevedo, M.A., Gorczynski, D. and Harris, N.C., 2024. Geographic differences in body size distributions underlie food web connectance of tropical forest mammals. Scientific Reports, 14(1), pp.1-10.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Lutra lutra	Rowan, J., Beaudrot, L., Franklin, J., Reed, K.E., Smail, I.E., Zamora, A. and Kamilar, J.M., 2020. Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(3), pp.1559-1565.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2026. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Lutra lutra , Accessed 16th April 2026 at https://mammalbase.net/me/14774]