MammalBase - Accepted taxon: Tremarctos ornatus

Accepted taxon: Tremarctos ornatus
Taxon:	Tremarctos ornatus
Rank:	Species
Higher Classification:	CARNIVORA \| CANIFORMIA \| Ursidae \| Tremarctos
Reference:	Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), JHU Press, 2005.

Fig.1 - Ternary plot of the proximate analysis for the Tremarctos ornatus diet.
CF (Crude Fibre) 15, ASH (Ash contents) 9, NFE (Nitrogen-Free-Extract) 49, CP (Crude Protein) 21, EE (Ether Extract) 6. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 1. List of Diet Items for Tremarctos ornatus.
TSN Complete name	Part	Ratio ^a.	Reference(s)
Magnoliopsida	SHOOT	24.85	Damuth, J…
Magnoliopsida	FRUIT	20.02	Damuth, J…
Bromeliaceae	LEAF	10.04	Grzimek,B…
Animalia	WHOLE	8.33	Nowak,R. …
Magnoliopsida	SEED	6.67	Damuth, J…
Orchidaceae	ROOT	4.76	Grzimek,B…
Bromeliaceae	FRUIT	3.64	Nowak,R. …
Poaceae	STEM	3.57	Grzimek,B…
Vertebrata	WHOLE	3.33	Damuth, J…
Cactaceae	FRUIT	2.73	Nowak,R. …
Mammalia	WHOLE	2.38	Grzimek,B…
Arecaceae	LEAF	2.27	Nowak,R. …
Bambusa	STEM	1.82	Nowak,R. …
Arthropoda	WHOLE	1.67	Damuth, J…
Zea mays	SEED	1.36	Nowak,R. …
Aves	WHOLE	1.19	Grzimek,B…
Rodentia	WHOLE	0.91	Nowak,R. …
Insecta	WHOLE	0.45	Nowak,R. …

^a. Standardized values. See details for the calculations in Lintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2022. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, pp.1-15. [DOI]

Table 2. List of Standard Traits for Tremarctos ornatus.
Trait	Selected Value	All Value(s)	Reference(s)
Dietary category: Eisenberg 1981	Frugivore-omnivore	Frugivore-omnivore	Juhn, M.,…
Dietary category: Miljutin 2009	Frugivore	Frugivore	Juhn, M.,…
Temporal habits	nocturnal	crepuscular,nocturnal	Nowak, R.…

Table 3. List of Standard Measurements for Tremarctos ornatus.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	-	123,177	-	-	Juhn, M.,…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	3	3	-	-	-	147,084.29	-	-	Engelman,…
Body Mass (BM)	nan	g	-	-	-	-	55,500	-	199,980	-	Freudenth…
Head-Body Length (HBL)	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	1,660	-	-	Engelman,…
Occipital condyle width (OCW)	nan	mm	3	3	-	-	-	53.18	-	-	Engelman,…

Table 4. List of other Measurements ^b. for Tremarctos ornatus.
Measurement	Location	Unit	n Total	n Unknown	n Female	n Male	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Reference(s)
skull_length	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	223	-	-	Engelman,…
femur circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	71	-	-	Nelson, A…
humerus circumference	nan	mm	-	-	-	-	-	75	-	-	Nelson, A…
relative blade length (RBL)	nan	unitless	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	Juhn, M.S…

^b. other Measurements. Source Measurements which are not listed on or mapped with the Standard Traits..

Table 5. List of Data Sources for Tremarctos ornatus.
Taxon	Reference	Match	Status
Tremarctos ornatus	Damuth, J. 2010. ABSOLUT 6 a mammalian database compiled by the national center for ecological analysis and synthesis (NCEAS ) workshop on mammalian communities.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Tremarctos ornatus	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Tremarctos ornatus	Grzimek,B., 2003, Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia: Mammals I-V,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Tremarctos ornatus	Nowak,R. M., 1991, Walker's mammals of the world,	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Tremarctos ornatus	Law, C.J., Blackwell, E.A., Curtis, A.A., Dickinson, E., Hartstone‐Rose, A. and Santana, S.E., 2022. Decoupled evolution of the cranium and mandible in carnivoran mammals. Evolution.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Tremarctos ornatus	Engelman, R.K., 2022. Occipital condyle width (OCW) is a highly accurate predictor of body mass in therian mammals. BMC biology, 20(1), p.37.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Tremarctos ornatus	DeMers, A.C., 2023. Functional Significance of the Mandible, Tooth Roots, and Tooth Crowns, and their Implications for Fossil Dietary Inference (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Tremarctos ornatus	Lundgren, E.J., Schowanek, S.D., Rowan, J., Middleton, O., Pedersen, R.Ø., Wallach, A.D., Ramp, D., Davis, M., Sandom, C.J. and Svenning, J.C., 2021. Functional traits of the world’s late Quaternary large-bodied avian and mammalian herbivores. Scientific data, 8(1), p.17.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Tremarctos ornatus	Nelson, A., Engelman, R.K. and Croft, D.A., 2023. How to weigh a fossil mammal? South American notoungulates as a case study for estimating body mass in extinct clades. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 30(3), pp.773-809.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Tremarctos ornatus	Freudenthal, M. and Martín-Suárez, E., 2013. Estimating body mass of fossil rodents. Scripta Geologica, 145, pp.1-513.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted
Tremarctos ornatus	Juhn, M.S., Balisi, M.A., Doughty, E.M., Friscia, A.R., Howenstine, A.O., Jacquemetton, C., Marcot, J., Nugen, S. and Van Valkenburgh, B., 2024. Cenozoic climate change and the evolution of North American mammalian predator ecomorphology. Paleobiology, pp.1-10.	1: Exact Taxon match	Verified - Accepted

Citation for this page: [The MammalBase community 2025. / CC BY 4.0. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462864 Tremarctos ornatus , Accessed 11th April 2025 at https://mammalbase.net/me/14645]